Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
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Edited by Donald W. Pfaff, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, and approved September 12, 2005 (received for review May 24, 2005)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Induction of daily LH surges by estradiol in mice. (A) Bars represent serum LH concentrations (mean ± SEM). Open bars show samples obtained at 7 a.m., and filled bars show samples obtained at 4 p.m. (B) Serum LH levels (mean ± SEM) sampled in OVX+E mice at various times on d 2 after OVX+E. Gray shading indicates time during which lights were off. LH surge reliably begins ≈1.5 h before lights off (4:30 p.m.). (C) Serum LH levels show no diurnal difference in OVX mice, and estradiol induces negative feedback in the a.m. and positive feedback in the p.m. A, a.m. same-day control; B, 7 a.m. control; C, OVX control. *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; #, P < 0.01 vs. d 2 p.m.
- Fig. 2.
Time of day does not affect GnRH neuron firing pattern in OVX mice. (A and B) Representative examples of firing patterns are shown for GnRH neurons from OVX mice recorded in the a.m. (A) and in the p.m. (B). Firing rate is displayed at 1-min intervals. Vertical lines at the top of each graph illustrate the timing of the individual action currents detected. (C–F) Mean values for firing rate (C), median instantaneous frequency (D), maximum duration of quiescence (E), and percentage of time in quiescence (F). Gray bars represent values from cells recorded in the a.m., and hatched bars indicate values from cells recorded in the p.m.
- Fig. 3.
Estradiol induces diurnal changes in GnRH neuron firing and pattern. (A and B) Representative examples of firing patterns are shown for GnRH neurons from OVX+E mice recorded in the a.m. (A) and in the p.m. (B). Data are plotted as mean firing rate at 1-min intervals. Vertical lines at the top of each graph illustrate the timing of the individual action currents detected. (C–F) Mean values for firing rate (C), median instantaneous frequency (D), maximum duration of quiescence (E), and percentage of time in quiescence (F). Open bars represent values from cells recorded in the a.m., and filled bars indicate values from cells recorded in the p.m. ***, P < 0.001.
- Fig. 4.
Estradiol induces negative feedback in the a.m. and positive feedback in the p.m. Shown are mean values for firing rate (A and E), median instantaneous frequency (B and F), maximum duration of quiescence (C and G), and percentage of time in quiescence (D and H) in the a.m. (A–D) and in the p.m. (E–H). Gray bars represent values from cells from OVX mice in the a.m., and hatched bars indicate values from cells from OVX mice in the p.m. Open bars represent values from cells from OVX+E mice in the a.m., and filled bars indicate values from cells from OVX+E mice in the p.m. *, P < 0.05.
Diurnal and estradiol-dependent changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron firing activity
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