Skip to main content
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Latest Articles
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • Archive
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • Highlights from Latest Articles
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Purpose and Scope
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • For Reviewers
    • Author FAQ
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Home
Home

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Latest Articles
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • Archive
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • Highlights from Latest Articles
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Purpose and Scope
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • For Reviewers
    • Author FAQ

New Research In

Physical Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Applied Mathematics
  • Applied Physical Sciences
  • Astronomy
  • Computer Sciences
  • Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
  • Engineering
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Mathematics
  • Statistics

Social Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Anthropology
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Economic Sciences
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Political Sciences
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Social Sciences

Biological Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Agricultural Sciences
  • Anthropology
  • Applied Biological Sciences
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics and Computational Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Medical Sciences
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology
  • Plant Biology
  • Population Biology
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Sustainability Science
  • Systems Biology

Scientific issues in the design of metrics for inclusion of oxides of nitrogen in global climate agreements

K. P. Shine, T. K. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, and R. Sausen
PNAS November 1, 2005 102 (44) 15768-15773; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506865102
K. P. Shine
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
T. K. Berntsen
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J. S. Fuglestvedt
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
R. Sausen
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  1. Communicated by James E. Hansen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, September 9, 2005 (received for review June 2, 2005)

  • Article
  • Figures & SI
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Online Impact

 

Article Information

vol. 102 no. 44 15768-15773
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0506865102
PubMed: 
16243971

Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Published in issue November 1, 2005.
  • Published first October 21, 2005.

Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 2005, The National Academy of Sciences

Author Information

  1. K. P. Shine † , ‡,
  2. T. K. Berntsen §,
  3. J. S. Fuglestvedt §, and
  4. R. Sausen ¶
  1. †Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, United Kingdom; §Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, PB 1129, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; and ¶Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, D-82234 Wessling, Germany
  1. Communicated by James E. Hansen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, September 9, 2005 (received for review June 2, 2005)

Footnotes

  • ↵ ‡ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: k.p.shine{at}reading.ac.uk.

  • Author contributions: K.P.S., T.K.B., J.S.F., and R.S. designed research, performed research, and wrote the paper.

  • Conflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.

  • Abbreviations: NOx, oxides of nitrogen; GWP, global-warming potential; RF, radiative forcing; GTP, global temperature-change potential; CTM, chemical-transport model; GCM, general-circulation model; LDP linear damage potential; SDP, square damage potential; ALDP, absolute LDP; VOC, volatile organic compound.

  • ↵ ∥ Additional details of the models are given in ref. 6 and references therein. Here, the two CTMs are labeled LMD and UiO, and the two GCMs are labeled ECHAM4 and UREAD. Because of computer-time restrictions, only a subset of the CTM-derived ozone changes are used in the GCM calculations.

  • Copyright © 2005, The National Academy of Sciences

Cited By...

  • 40 Citations
  • 51 Citations
  • 31 Citations
  • Google Scholar

This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

  • Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions
    D. T. Shindell, G. Faluvegi, D. M. Koch, G. A. Schmidt, N. Unger, S. E. Bauer
    Science 2009 326 5953
  • Comparing the climate effect of emissions of short- and long-lived climate agents
    Keith P Shine, Terje K Berntsen, Jan S Fuglestvedt, Ragnhild Bieltvedt Skeie, Nicola Stuber
    Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2007 365 1856
  • How northern peatlands influence the Earth's radiative budget: Sustained methane emission versus sustained carbon sequestration
    Steve Frolking, Nigel Roulet, Jan Fuglestvedt
    Journal of Geophysical Research 2006 111 G1
  • Voluntary Carbon Offsetting Schemes for Aviation: Efficiency, Credibility and Sustainable Tourism
    Stefan Gössling, John Broderick, Paul Upham, Jean-Paul Ceron, Ghislain Dubois, Paul Peeters, Wolfgang Strasdas
    Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2007 15 3
  • Impacts of biofuels on climate change, water use, and land use
    Mark A. Delucchi
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2010 1195 1
  • Taming of the few—The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal travel in the UK
    Christian Brand, Brenda Boardman
    Energy Policy 2008 36 1
  • ‘60-20 emission’—The unequal distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from personal, non-business travel in the UK
    Christian Brand, John M. Preston
    Transport Policy 2010 17 1
  • It is premature to include non-CO2 effects of aviation in emission trading schemes
    Piers M. de F. Forster, Keith P. Shine, Nicola Stuber
    Atmospheric Environment 2006 40 6
  • Policy Update: Multicomponent climate policy: why do emission metrics matter?
    Katsumasa Tanaka, Glen P Peters, Jan S Fuglestvedt
    Carbon Management 2010 1 2
  • Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of aviation NO
    C. D. Holmes, Q. Tang, M. J. Prather
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011 108 27
  • A unifying framework for metrics for aggregating the climate effect of different emissions
    Richard S J Tol, Terje K Berntsen, Brian C O’Neill, Jan S Fuglestvedt, Keith P Shine
    Environmental Research Letters 2012 7 4
  • Potential of the cryoplane technology to reduce aircraft climate impact: A state-of-the-art assessment
    Michael Ponater, Susanne Pechtl, Robert Sausen, Ulrich Schumann, Gerhard Hüttig
    Atmospheric Environment 2006 40 36
  • Aviation and climate change
    Olivier Dessens, Marcus O. Köhler, Helen L. Rogers, Rod L. Jones, John A. Pyle
    Transport Policy 2014 34
  • Air pollution radiative forcing from specific emissions sectors at 2030
    Nadine Unger, Drew T. Shindell, Dorothy M. Koch, David G. Streets
    Journal of Geophysical Research 2008 113 D2
  • Evaluation of the absolute regional temperature potential
    D. T. Shindell
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012 12 17
  • Radiative forcing from surface NO x emissions: spatial and seasonal variations
    R. G. Derwent, D. S. Stevenson, R. M. Doherty, W. J. Collins, M. G. Sanderson, C. E. Johnson
    Climatic Change 2008 88 3-4
  • Climate forcing by the on-road transportation and power generation sectors
    Nadine Unger, Drew T. Shindell, James S. Wang
    Atmospheric Environment 2009 43 19
  • Impact of Aviation on Climate: FAA’s Aviation Climate Change Research Initiative (ACCRI) Phase II
    Guy P. Brasseur, Mohan Gupta, Bruce E. Anderson, Sathya Balasubramanian, Steven Barrett, David Duda, Gregg Fleming, Piers M. Forster, Jan Fuglestvedt, Andrew Gettelman, Rangasayi N. Halthore, S. Daniel Jacob, Mark Z. Jacobson, Arezoo Khodayari, Kuo-Nan Liou, Marianne T. Lund, Richard C. Miake-Lye, Patrick Minnis, Seth Olsen, Joyce E. Penner, Ronald Prinn, Ulrich Schumann, Henry B. Selkirk, Andrei Sokolov, Nadine Unger, Philip Wolfe, Hsi-Wu Wong, Donald W. Wuebbles, Bingqi Yi, Ping Yang, Cheng Zhou
    Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2016 97 4
  • Simple emission metrics for climate impacts
    B. Aamaas, G. P. Peters, J. S. Fuglestvedt
    Earth System Dynamics 2013 4 1
  • Climate response to projected changes in short-lived species under an A1B scenario from 2000–2050 in the GISS climate model
    Drew T. Shindell, Greg Faluvegi, Susanne E. Bauer, Dorothy M. Koch, Nadine Unger, Surabi Menon, Ron L. Miller, Gavin A. Schmidt, David G. Streets
    Journal of Geophysical Research 2007 112 D20
  • GLIMPSE: A Rapid Decision Framework for Energy and Environmental Policy
    Farhan H. Akhtar, Robert W. Pinder, Daniel H. Loughlin, Daven K. Henze
    Environmental Science & Technology 2013 47 21
  • Climate and air quality-driven scenarios of ozone and aerosol precursor abatement
    Kristin Rypdal, Nathan Rive, Terje Berntsen, Hilde Fagerli, Zbigniew Klimont, Torben K. Mideksa, Jan S. Fuglestvedt
    Environmental Science & Policy 2009 12 7
  • How much information is lost by using global-mean climate metrics? an example using the transport sector
    M. T. Lund, T. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, M. Ponater, K. P. Shine
    Climatic Change 2012 113 3-4
  • Mitigation of short-lived heating components may lead to unwanted long-term consequences
    Gunnar Myhre, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, Terje K. Berntsen, Marianne T. Lund
    Atmospheric Environment 2011 45 33
  • Emission metrics for quantifying regional climate impacts of aviation
    Marianne T. Lund, Borgar Aamaas, Terje Berntsen, Lisa Bock, Ulrike Burkhardt, Jan S. Fuglestvedt, Keith P. Shine
    Earth System Dynamics 2017 8 3
  • Variation of radiative forcings and global warming potentials from regional aviation NO x emissions
    Agnieszka Skowron, David S. Lee, Ruben R. De León
    Atmospheric Environment 2015 104
  • Aviation 2006 NO<sub>x</sub>-induced effects on atmospheric ozone and HO<sub>x</sub> in Community Earth System Model (CESM)
    A. Khodayari, S. Tilmes, S. C. Olsen, D. B. Phoenix, D. J. Wuebbles, J.-F. Lamarque, C.-C. Chen
    Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2014 14 18
  • A perspective on time: loss frequencies, time scales and lifetimes
    Michael J. Prather, Christopher D. Holmes
    Environmental Chemistry 2013 10 2
  • Dinitrogen tetroxide and carbon dioxide mixtures as working fluids in solar tower plants
    Marco Binotti, Costante M. Invernizzi, Paolo Iora, Giampaolo Manzolini
    Solar Energy 2019 181
  • The Indian Nitrogen Assessment
    H. Pathak, A. Bhatia
    2017
  • Using black carbon metrics in climate policy
    Marcus C. Sarofim
    Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences 2010 7 sup1

Article usage

Article usage: October 2005 to February 2019

AbstractFullPdf
Oct 200560130
Nov 20054575793
Dec 2005204813
Total 200572166136
Jan 20061951012
Feb 2006972622
Mar 20062195
Apr 2006913
May 200641312
Jun 20065813
Jul 20067711
Aug 2006686
Sep 2006675
Oct 200691011
Nov 2006573
Dec 20063104
Total 2006367116107
Jan 20078158
Feb 20078157
Mar 200771813
Apr 20074164
May 200731212
Jun 200781011
Jul 2007634
Aug 2007468
Sep 2007676
Oct 200714713
Nov 2007374
Dec 2007648
Total 20077712098
Jan 20086614
Feb 2008532
Mar 20084179
Apr 20088819
May 200891115
Jun 200811208
Jul 20083334
Aug 20084852
Sep 20082941
Oct 200847104
Nov 200865116
Dec 20084358
Total 200830810392
Jan 200938147
Feb 200952128
Mar 20092924
Apr 20093665
May 20092634
Jun 20092313
Jul 200923109
Aug 20092005
Sep 20094526
Oct 200947813
Nov 20094657
Dec 20092703
Total 20094126374
Jan 20103183
Feb 20103735
Mar 20102812
Apr 20102403
May 20101513
Jun 20102064
Jul 20101421
Aug 20103705
Sep 20102113
Oct 20103135
Nov 20102854
Dec 20102663
Total 20103123641
Jan 20111911
Feb 20112315
Mar 20112445
Apr 20113116
May 20113527
Jun 20111552
Jul 20111307
Aug 20111516
Sep 20111421
Oct 20111854
Nov 201121103
Dec 20112535
Total 20112533552
Jan 20122155
Feb 20122616
Mar 20121453
Apr 20121767
May 20122747
Jun 20121515
Jul 20121824
Aug 20122004
Sep 20121527
Oct 20122716
Nov 20121921
Dec 20122140
Total 20122403355
Jan 20132110
Feb 20131544
Mar 20132125
Apr 20132714
May 20132513
Jun 2013812
Jul 20132814
Aug 20131601
Sep 20133902
Oct 20133753
Nov 20132023
Dec 20131242
Total 20132692233
Jan 20141131
Feb 20141011
Mar 20141631
Apr 20141133
May 20141472
Jun 2014902
Jul 20142021
Aug 20141272
Sep 20141480
Oct 20142061
Nov 20142563
Dec 2014551
Total 20141675118
Jan 20151311
Feb 20151825
Mar 20151923
Apr 20151022
May 2015722
Jun 20151514
Jul 2015665
Aug 2015624
Sep 2015920
Oct 20151702
Nov 20151404
Dec 20151334
Total 20151472336
Jan 20162126
Feb 20161521
Mar 20161807
Apr 20161812
May 20161452
Jun 20161011
Jul 20161211
Aug 2016661
Sep 20161141
Oct 20161331
Nov 20162321
Dec 20161073
Total 20161713427
Jan 20171724
Feb 20171240
Mar 2017932
Apr 2017732
May 20171033
Jun 20171152
Jul 2017711
Aug 2017853
Sep 2017945
Oct 2017132
Nov 20171310
Dec 2017654
Total 20171103928
Jan 2018773
Feb 201810122
Mar 201813154
Apr 20189111
May 201815123
Jun 2018440
Jul 2018580
Aug 201812131
Sep 201811111
Oct 20181151
Nov 20180134
Dec 20180171
Total 20188713821
Jan 2019080
Feb 2019233
Total 20192113
Total3643890821
PreviousNext
Back to top
Article Alerts
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PNAS.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Scientific issues in the design of metrics for inclusion of oxides of nitrogen in global climate agreements
(Your Name) has sent you a message from PNAS
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the PNAS web site.
Citation Tools
Scientific issues in the design of metrics for inclusion of oxides of nitrogen in global climate agreements
K. P. Shine, T. K. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, R. Sausen
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2005, 102 (44) 15768-15773; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506865102

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Request Permissions
Share
Scientific issues in the design of metrics for inclusion of oxides of nitrogen in global climate agreements
K. P. Shine, T. K. Berntsen, J. S. Fuglestvedt, R. Sausen
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2005, 102 (44) 15768-15773; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506865102
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Mendeley logo Mendeley
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 116 (8)
Current Issue

Submit

Sign up for Article Alerts

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Difficulties in Defining a GWP for NOx
    • Metrics Using Global-Mean Inputs
    • Results
    • Potential for a Metric Using Local Inputs
    • Next Steps: Implications for Policy Makers and Climate Agreements
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & SI
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

You May Also be Interested in

Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
Opinion: “Plan S” falls short for society publishers—and for the researchers they serve
Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
Image credit: Dave Cutler (artist).
Several large or long-lived animals seem strangely resistant to developing cancer. Elucidating the reasons why could lead to promising cancer-fighting strategies in humans.
Core Concept: Solving Peto’s Paradox to better understand cancer
Several large or long-lived animals seem strangely resistant to developing cancer. Elucidating the reasons why could lead to promising cancer-fighting strategies in humans.
Image credit: Shutterstock.com/ronnybas frimages.
Featured Profile
PNAS Profile of NAS member and biochemist Hao Wu
 Nonmonogamous strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio).  Image courtesy of Yusan Yang (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh).
Putative signature of monogamy
A study suggests a putative gene-expression hallmark common to monogamous male vertebrates of some species, namely cichlid fishes, dendrobatid frogs, passeroid songbirds, common voles, and deer mice, and identifies 24 candidate genes potentially associated with monogamy.
Image courtesy of Yusan Yang (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh).
Active lifestyles. Image courtesy of Pixabay/MabelAmber.
Meaningful life tied to healthy aging
Physical and social well-being in old age are linked to self-assessments of life worth, and a spectrum of behavioral, economic, health, and social variables may influence whether aging individuals believe they are leading meaningful lives.
Image courtesy of Pixabay/MabelAmber.

More Articles of This Classification

Physical Sciences

  • Design–functionality relationships for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins
  • Zintl-phase Eu2ZnSb2: A promising thermoelectric material with ultralow thermal conductivity
  • Urban living can pressure flora and fauna to adapt in intriguing ways. Biologists are starting to take advantage of this convenient laboratory of evolution.
Show more

Environmental Sciences

  • Urban living can pressure flora and fauna to adapt in intriguing ways. Biologists are starting to take advantage of this convenient laboratory of evolution.
  • Role of forest regrowth in global carbon sink dynamics
  • Fluorescent reconstitution on deposition of PM2.5 in lung and extrapulmonary organs
Show more

Related Content

  • No related articles found.
  • Scopus
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited by...

  • Uncertainties in climate assessment for the case of aviation NO
  • Improved Attribution of Climate Forcing to Emissions
  • Scopus (51)
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Site Logo
Powered by HighWire
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • RSS Feeds
  • Email Alerts

Articles

  • Current Issue
  • Latest Articles
  • Archive

PNAS Portals

  • Classics
  • Front Matter
  • Teaching Resources
  • Anthropology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Sustainability Science

Information

  • Authors
  • Editorial Board
  • Reviewers
  • Press
  • Site Map

Feedback    Privacy/Legal

Copyright © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. Online ISSN 1091-6490