Although the evidence is still limited, a growing body of research suggests music may have beneficial effects for diseases such as Parkinson’s.
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Edited by James O. Berger, Duke University, Durham, NC (received for review November 11, 2004)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
A. gambiae cell line gene-expression profiles at six consecutive time points after microbial challenge. Vertically, each block corresponds to one the four bacterial or chemical challenges, in order from bottom to top as follows: S.t., M.l., L.m., and the yeast wall extract zymosan. Red corresponds to gene up-regulation; green corresponds to gene down-regulation. Genes are presented in random order.
- Fig. 2.
Histograms of empirical cross-correlations, computed by taking the set of gene-by-gene (Pearson) correlation coefficients across all possible pairs of experiments. The bias toward a positive correlation evident in this image indicates that there evidence for dependence between experiments.
- Fig. 3.
Hierarchically clustered expression profiles of bacterial or chemical experiment data. From bottom to top: S.t., L.m., M.l., and zymosan.
- Fig. 4.
Three coregulated gene clusters from Bayesian agglomerative clustering (clusters 1, 4, and 5) that are highly enriched with putative immune genes. Each 2 × 2 block of plots corresponds to the gene-expression profiles under the four bacterial and chemical challenges. Genes contained in each cluster are presented in Fig.6, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site. Log2-transformed fold regulation is indicated on the vertical axis, and assayed time points are indicated on the horizontal axis.
- Fig. 5.
A model of Toll pathway and melanization reaction activation by components found in clusters 1 and 4 in Fig. 4. For details on these pathways, see ref. 15.
Tables
Data supplements
Heard et al. 10.1073/pnas.0408393102.
Supporting Information
Files in this Data Supplement:
Supporting Text
Supporting Figure 6
Supporting Figure 6Fig. 6. Dendrograms of agglomerative clustering of the treatments using standard hierarchical clustering on the concatenated time series of the genes, under either a Euclidean or correlation metric.
Bayesian coclustering of Anopheles gene expression time series: Study of immune defense response to multiple experimental challenges
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