Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

  • Open Access

    Complex genetic networks underlying the defensive system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

    Z. K. Li, M. Arif, D. B. Zhong, B. Y. Fu, J. L. Xu, J. Domingo-Rey, J. Ali, C. H. M. Vijayakumar, S. B. Yu, and G. S. Khush

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 7994-7999; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507492103
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    κ-Casein-deficient mice fail to lactate

    P. Chandra Shekar, Sandeep Goel, S. Deepa Selvi Rani, D. Partha Sarathi, Jomini Liza Alex, Shashi Singh, and Satish Kumar

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8000-8005; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601611103

• Anthropology

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    Hotspots for copy number variation in chimpanzees and humans

    George H. Perry, Joelle Tchinda, Sean D. McGrath, Junjun Zhang, Simon R. Picker, Angela M. Cáceres, A. John Iafrate, Chris Tyler-Smith, Stephen W. Scherer, Evan E. Eichler, Anne C. Stone, and Charles Lee

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8006-8011; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602318103
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    Serial coalescent simulations suggest a weak genealogical relationship between Etruscans and modern Tuscans

    Elise M. S. Belle, Uma Ramakrishnan, Joanna L. Mountain, and Guido Barbujani

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8012-8017; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509718103

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Production of knockout mice by random or targeted mutagenesis in spermatogonial stem cells

    • From the Cover

    Mito Kanatsu-Shinohara, Masahito Ikawa, Masanori Takehashi, Narumi Ogonuki, Hiromi Miki, Kimiko Inoue, Yasuhiro Kazuki, Jiyoung Lee, Shinya Toyokuni, Mitsuo Oshimura, Atsuo Ogura, and Takashi Shinohara

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8018-8023; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601139103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - May 23, 2006
    • Rapid expansion of the spermatogonial stem cell tool box

      - May 16, 2006
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    Evidence that the Y chromosome influences autoimmune disease in male and female mice

    Cory Teuscher, Rajkumar Noubade, Karen Spach, Benjamin McElvany, Janice Y. Bunn, Parley D. Fillmore, James F. Zachary, and Elizabeth P. Blankenhorn

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8024-8029; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600536103

• Biochemistry

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    A heme-degradation pathway in a blood-sucking insect

    Gabriela O. Paiva-Silva, Christine Cruz-Oliveira, Ernesto S. Nakayasu, Clarissa M. Maya-Monteiro, Boris C. Dunkov, Hatisaburo Masuda, Igor C. Almeida, and Pedro L. Oliveira

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8030-8035; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602224103
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    L1 retrotransposition in nondividing and primary human somatic cells

    Shuji Kubo, Maria del Carmen Seleme, Harris S. Soifer, José Luis Garcia Perez, John V. Moran, Haig H. Kazazian Jr., and Noriyuki Kasahara

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8036-8041; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601954103
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    Runaway domain swapping in amyloid-like fibrils of T7 endonuclease I

    Zhefeng Guo and David Eisenberg

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8042-8047; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602607103
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    X-ray structure of a native calicivirus: Structural insights into antigenic diversity and host specificity

    Rong Chen, John D. Neill, Mary K. Estes, and B. V. Venkataram Prasad

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8048-8053; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600421103

• Biophysics

  • Open Access

    Salt screening and specific ion adsorption determine neutral-lipid membrane interactions

    Horia I. Petrache, Thomas Zemb, Luc Belloni, and V. Adrian Parsegian

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 7982-7987; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509967103
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    Backsteps induced by nucleotide analogs suggest the front head of kinesin is gated by strain

    Nicholas R. Guydosh and Steven M. Block

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8054-8059; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600931103
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    Toward the structural genomics of complexes: Crystal structure of a PE/PPE protein complex from Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Michael Strong, Michael R. Sawaya, Shuishu Wang, Martin Phillips, Duilio Cascio, and David Eisenberg

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8060-8065; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602606103
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    The maximum number of torque-generating units in the flagellar motor of Escherichia coli is at least 11

    Stuart W. Reid, Mark C. Leake, Jennifer H. Chandler, Chien-Jung Lo, Judith P. Armitage, and Richard M. Berry

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8066-8071; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509932103
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    On the hand-over-hand mechanism of kinesin

    Qiang Shao and Yi Qin Gao

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8072-8077; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602828103

• Cell Biology

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    Activation of FIP1L1-PDGFRα requires disruption of the juxtamembrane domain of PDGFRα and is FIP1L1-independent

    Elizabeth H. Stover, Jing Chen, Cedric Folens, Benjamin H. Lee, Nicole Mentens, Peter Marynen, Ifor R. Williams, D. Gary Gilliland, and Jan Cools

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8078-8083; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601192103
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    Factor B of the alternative complement pathway regulates development of airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation

    Christian Taube, Joshua M. Thurman, Katsuyuki Takeda, Anthony Joetham, Nobuaki Miyahara, Michael C. Carroll, Azzeddine Dakhama, Patricia C. Giclas, V. Michael Holers, and Erwin W. Gelfand

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8084-8089; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602357103

• Developmental Biology

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    Oogenesis requires germ cell-specific transcriptional regulators Sohlh1 and Lhx8

    Stephanie A. Pangas, Youngsok Choi, Daniel J. Ballow, Yangu Zhao, Heiner Westphal, Martin M. Matzuk, and Aleksandar Rajkovic

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8090-8095; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601083103

• Ecology

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    Genetic effects of chronic habitat fragmentation in a wind-pollinated tree

    Alistair S. Jump and Josep Peñuelas

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8096-8100; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510127103

• Evolution

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    Birth of a chimeric primate gene by capture of the transposase gene from a mobile element

    • From the Cover

    Richard Cordaux, Swalpa Udit, Mark A. Batzer, and Cédric Feschotte

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8101-8106; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601161103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - May 23, 2006
    • Evolutionary tinkering with transposable elements

      - May 16, 2006
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    Comprehensive mutation identification in an evolved bacterial cooperator and its cheating ancestor

    Gregory J. Velicer, Günter Raddatz, Heike Keller, Silvia Deiss, Christa Lanz, Iris Dinkelacker, and Stephan C. Schuster

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8107-8112; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510740103
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    The origin of European cattle: Evidence from modern and ancient DNA

    • From the Cover

    Albano Beja-Pereira, David Caramelli, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Cristiano Vernesi, Nuno Ferrand, Antonella Casoli, Felix Goyache, Luis J. Royo, Serena Conti, Martina Lari, Andrea Martini, Lahousine Ouragh, Ayed Magid, Abdulkarim Atash, Attila Zsolnai, Paolo Boscato, Costas Triantaphylidis, Konstantoula Ploumi, Luca Sineo, Francesco Mallegni, Pierre Taberlet, Georg Erhardt, Lourdes Sampietro, Jaume Bertranpetit, Guido Barbujani, Gordon Luikart, and Giorgio Bertorelle

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8113-8118; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509210103

• Genetics

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    The callipyge mutation enhances bidirectional long-range DLK1-GTL2 intergenic transcription in cis

    Haruko Takeda, Florian Caiment, Maria Smit, Samuel Hiard, Xavier Tordoir, Noelle Cockett, Michel Georges, and Carole Charlier

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8119-8124; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602844103
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    Genetic variants of Tgfb1 act as context-dependent modifiers of mouse skin tumor susceptibility

    Jian-Hua Mao, Elise F. Saunier, John P. de Koning, Margaret M. McKinnon, Mamie Nakijama Higgins, Kathy Nicklas, Hai-Tao Yang, Allan Balmain, and Rosemary J. Akhurst

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8125-8130; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602581103
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    Hsk1 kinase is required for induction of meiotic dsDNA breaks without involving checkpoint kinases in fission yeast

    Keiko Ogino, Kouji Hirota, Seiji Matsumoto, Tadayuki Takeda, Kunihiro Ohta, Ken-ichi Arai, and Hisao Masai

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8131-8136; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602498103

• Immunology

  • Open Access

    Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells

    Zhi Chen, Arian Laurence, Yuka Kanno, Margit Pacher-Zavisin, Bing-Mei Zhu, Cristina Tato, Akihiko Yoshimura, Lothar Hennighausen, and John J. O'Shea

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8137-8142; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600666103
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    Fluorescence resonance energy transfer in living cells reveals dynamic membrane changes in the initiation of B cell signaling

    Hae Won Sohn, Pavel Tolar, Tian Jin, and Susan K. Pierce

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8143-8148; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509858103
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    Understanding the bacterial polysaccharide antigenicity of Streptococcus agalactiae versus Streptococcus pneumoniae

    Renuka Kadirvelraj, Jorge Gonzalez-Outeiriño, B. Lachele Foley, Meredith L. Beckham, Harold J. Jennings, Simon Foote, Michael G. Ford, and Robert J. Woods

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8149-8154; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602815103

• Medical Sciences

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    Local myocardial insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) delivery with biotinylated peptide nanofibers improves cell therapy for myocardial infarction

    Michael E. Davis, Patrick C. H. Hsieh, Tomosaburo Takahashi, Qing Song, Shuguang Zhang, Roger D. Kamm, Alan J. Grodzinsky, Piero Anversa, and Richard T. Lee

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8155-8160; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602877103
  • Open Access

    Expression of 5-lipoxygenase and leukotriene A₄ hydrolase in human atherosclerotic lesions correlates with symptoms of plaque instability

    Hong Qiu, Anders Gabrielsen, Hanna E. Agardh, Min Wan, Anders Wetterholm, Chi-Huey Wong, Ulf Hedin, Jesper Swedenborg, Göran K. Hansson, Bengt Samuelsson, Gabrielle Paulsson-Berne, and Jesper Z. Haeggström

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8161-8166; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602414103
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    Complex genomic alterations and gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21

    Jon C. Strefford, Frederik W. van Delft, Hazel M. Robinson, Helen Worley, Olga Yiannikouris, Rebecca Selzer, Todd Richmond, Ian Hann, Tony Bellotti, Manoj Raghavan, Bryan D. Young, Vaskar Saha, and Christine J. Harrison

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8167-8172; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602360103
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    The G12 family of heterotrimeric G proteins promotes breast cancer invasion and metastasis

    Patrick Kelly, Benjamin J. Moeller, Juhi Juneja, Michelle A. Booden, Channing J. Der, Yehia Daaka, Mark W. Dewhirst, Timothy A. Fields, and Patrick J. Casey

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8173-8178; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510254103
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    Selenoprotein deficiency accelerates prostate carcinogenesis in a transgenic model

    Veda Diwadkar-Navsariwala, Gail S. Prins, Steven M. Swanson, Lynn A. Birch, Vera H. Ray, Samad Hedayat, Daniel L. Lantvit, and Alan M. Diamond

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8179-8184; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0508218103
  • Open Access

    High-resolution video monitoring of hematopoietic stem cells cultured in single-cell arrays identifies new features of self-renewal

    Brad Dykstra, John Ramunas, David Kent, Lindsay McCaffrey, Erin Szumsky, Liam Kelly, Kristen Farn, April Blaylock, Connie Eaves, and Eric Jervis

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8185-8190; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602548103

• Microbiology

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    The TodS–TodT two-component regulatory system recognizes a wide range of effectors and works with DNA-bending proteins

    Jesús Lacal, Andreas Busch, María-Eugenia Guazzaroni, Tino Krell, and Juan L. Ramos

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8191-8196; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602902103
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    Newcastle disease virus expressing H5 hemagglutinin gene protects chickens against Newcastle disease and avian influenza

    Jutta Veits, Dorothee Wiesner, Walter Fuchs, Bernd Hoffmann, Harald Granzow, Elke Starick, Egbert Mundt, Horst Schirrmeier, Teshome Mebatsion, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, and Angela Römer-Oberdörfer

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8197-8202; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602461103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - May 23, 2006
  • Open Access

    Engineered viral vaccine constructs with dual specificity: Avian influenza and Newcastle disease

    • From the Cover

    Man-Seong Park, John Steel, Adolfo García-Sastre, David Swayne, and Peter Palese

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8203-8208; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602566103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - May 23, 2006
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    The positioning of cytoplasmic protein clusters in bacteria

    Stephen R. Thompson, George H. Wadhams, and Judith P. Armitage

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8209-8214; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600919103

• Neuroscience

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    PKCε increases endothelin converting enzyme activity and reduces amyloid plaque pathology in transgenic mice

    • From the Cover

    Doo-Sup Choi, Dan Wang, Gui-Qui Yu, Guofen Zhu, Viktor N. Kharazia, J. Peter Paredes, Wesley S. Chang, Jason K. Deitchman, Lennart Mucke, and Robert O. Messing

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8215-8220; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509725103

    See companion article:

    • Another weapon against amyloid

      - May 16, 2006
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    The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 modulates the firing pattern of vasopressin neurons and counteracts induced vasopressin release through CXCR4

    Céline Callewaere, Ghazal Banisadr, Michel G. Desarménien, Patricia Mechighel, Patrick Kitabgi, William H. Rostène, and Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8221-8226; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602620103
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    Synaptic tetraspan vesicle membrane proteins are conserved but not needed for synaptogenesis and neuronal function in Caenorhabditis elegans

    Christian Abraham, Harald Hutter, Mark T. Palfreyman, Gabriele Spatkowski, Robby M. Weimer, Reinhard Windoffer, Erik M. Jorgensen, and Rudolf E. Leube

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8227-8232; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509400103
  • Open Access

    Fluoxetine targets early progenitor cells in the adult brain

    Juan M. Encinas, Anne Vaahtokari, and Grigori Enikolopov

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8233-8238; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601992103
  • Open Access

    Binding crossmodal object features in perirhinal cortex

    Kirsten I. Taylor, Helen E. Moss, Emmanuel A. Stamatakis, and Lorraine K. Tyler

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8239-8244; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509704103
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    A single sodium channel mutation produces hyper- or hypoexcitability in different types of neurons

    Anthony M. Rush, Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj, Shujun Liu, Theodore R. Cummins, Joel A. Black, and Stephen G. Waxman

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8245-8250; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602813103
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    Frequency-specific and D₂ receptor-mediated inhibition of glutamate release by retrograde endocannabinoid signaling

    Henry H. Yin and David M. Lovinger

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8251-8256; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0510797103
  • Open Access

    Muscle representation in the macaque motor cortex: An anatomical perspective

    Jean-Alban Rathelot and Peter L. Strick

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8257-8262; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602933103
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    Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI

    Denis Le Bihan, Shin-ichi Urayama, Toshihiko Aso, Takashi Hanakawa, and Hidenao Fukuyama

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8263-8268; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600644103
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    Brain response to putative pheromones in lesbian women

    Hans Berglund, Per Lindström, and Ivanka Savic

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8269-8274; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600331103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - May 23, 2006
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    Failing to deactivate: Resting functional abnormalities in autism

    Daniel P. Kennedy, Elizabeth Redcay, and Eric Courchesne

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8275-8280; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600674103

• Plant Biology

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    The negative regulator of plant cold responses, HOS1, is a RING E3 ligase that mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of ICE1

    Chun-Hai Dong, Manu Agarwal, Yiyue Zhang, Qi Xie, and Jian-Kang Zhu

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8281-8286; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602874103
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    Tomato aromatic amino acid decarboxylases participate in synthesis of the flavor volatiles 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylacetaldehyde

    Denise Tieman, Mark Taylor, Nicolas Schauer, Alisdair R. Fernie, Andrew D. Hanson, and Harry J. Klee

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8287-8292; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602469103

• Psychology

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    Signature whistle shape conveys identity information to bottlenose dolphins

    V. M. Janik, L. S. Sayigh, and R. S. Wells

    PNAS May 23, 2006 103 (21) 8293-8297; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509918103