Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

  • Open Access

    Overdominant quantitative trait loci for yield and fitness in tomato

    • From the Cover

    Yaniv Semel, Jonathan Nissenbaum, Naama Menda, Michael Zinder, Uri Krieger, Noa Issman, Tzili Pleban, Zachary Lippman, Amit Gur, and Dani Zamir

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 12981-12986; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604635103

    See companion article:

    • Unraveling the genetic basis of hybrid vigor

      - Aug 22, 2006
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    Overexpressing a NAM, ATAF, and CUC (NAC) transcription factor enhances drought resistance and salt tolerance in rice

    Honghong Hu, Mingqiu Dai, Jialing Yao, Benze Xiao, Xianghua Li, Qifa Zhang, and Lizhong Xiong

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 12987-12992; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604882103

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 vectors transduce murine alveolar and nasal epithelia and can be readministered

    Maria P. Limberis and James M. Wilson

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 12993-12998; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601433103

• Biochemistry

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    Single-molecule mechanics of mussel adhesion

    Haeshin Lee, Norbert F. Scherer, and Phillip B. Messersmith

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 12999-13003; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605552103
  • Open Access

    Quantification of protein half-lives in the budding yeast proteome

    Archana Belle, Amos Tanay, Ledion Bitincka, Ron Shamir, and Erin K. O’Shea

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13004-13009; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605420103
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    Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of Roundup Ready crops

    Todd Funke, Huijong Han, Martha L. Healy-Fried, Markus Fischer, and Ernst Schönbrunn

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13010-13015; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603638103
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    Structure of archaeal translational initiation factor 2 βγ–GDP reveals significant conformational change of the β-subunit and switch 1 region

    Masaaki Sokabe, Min Yao, Naoki Sakai, Shingo Toya, and Isao Tanaka

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13016-13021; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604165103
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    Stable stem cell commitment to the adipocyte lineage by inhibition of DNA methylation: Role of the BMP-4 gene

    Robert R. Bowers, Jae Woo Kim, Tamara C. Otto, and M. Daniel Lane

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13022-13027; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605789103
  • Open Access

    Structural basis for the inhibition of insulin-like growth factors by insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins

    Tomasz Sitar, Grzegorz M. Popowicz, Igor Siwanowicz, Robert Huber, and Tad A. Holak

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13028-13033; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605652103
  • Open Access

    Kelch-repeat proteins interacting with the G_α protein Gpa2 bypass adenylate cyclase for direct regulation of protein kinase A in yeast

    Tom Peeters, Wendy Louwet, Ruud Geladé, David Nauwelaers, Johan M. Thevelein, and Matthias Versele

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13034-13039; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509644103

• Biophysics

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    Spectroscopic and electronic structure studies of aromatic electrophilic attack and hydrogen-atom abstraction by non-heme iron enzymes

    • Inaugural Article

    Michael L. Neidig, Andrea Decker, Oliver W. Choroba, Fanglu Huang, Michael Kavana, Graham R. Moran, Jonathan B. Spencer, and Edward I. Solomon

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 12966-12973; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605067103

    See companion article:

    • Profile of Edward I. Solomon

      - Aug 21, 2006
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    Precise adaptation in bacterial chemotaxis through “assistance neighborhoods”

    Robert G. Endres and Ned S. Wingreen

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13040-13044; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603101103
  • Open Access

    Surface-modulated motion switch: Capture and release of iron–sulfur protein in the cytochrome bc₁ complex

    Lothar Esser, Xing Gong, Shaoqing Yang, Linda Yu, Chang-An Yu, and Di Xia

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13045-13050; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601149103
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    Swimming Paramecium in magnetically simulated enhanced, reduced, and inverted gravity environments

    Karine Guevorkian and James M. Valles Jr.

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13051-13056; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601839103
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    The role of hydrophobic interactions in initiation and propagation of protein folding

    H. Jane Dyson, Peter E. Wright, and Harold A. Scheraga

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13057-13061; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605504103
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    Regulation of outside-in signaling and affinity by the β₂ I domain of integrin α_Lβ₂

    JianFeng Chen, Wei Yang, Minsoo Kim, Christopher V. Carman, and Timothy A. Springer

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13062-13067; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605666103

• Cell Biology

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    Human cytomegalovirus-encoded chemokine receptor US28 promotes tumorigenesis

    David Maussang, Dennis Verzijl, Marijke van Walsum, Rob Leurs, Jens Holl, Olivier Pleskoff, Detlef Michel, Guus A. M. S. van Dongen, and Martine J. Smit

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13068-13073; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604433103
  • Open Access

    A repressor complex, AP4 transcription factor and geminin, negatively regulates expression of target genes in nonneuronal cells

    Mi-Young Kim, Byung Chul Jeong, Ji Hee Lee, Hae Jin Kee, Hyun Kook, Nack Sung Kim, Yoon Ha Kim, Jong-Keun Kim, Kyu Youn Ahn, and Kyung Keun Kim

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13074-13079; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601915103
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    The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA): Acquisition of cytoskeletal motility from aerotolerant spirochetes in the Proterozoic Eon

    Lynn Margulis, Michael Chapman, Ricardo Guerrero, and John Hall

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13080-13085; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604985103
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    Dynamic redox control of NF-κB through glutaredoxin-regulated S-glutathionylation of inhibitory κB kinase β

    Niki L. Reynaert, Albert van der Vliet, Amy S. Guala, Toby McGovern, Milena Hristova, Cristen Pantano, Nicholas H. Heintz, John Heim, Ye-Shih Ho, Dwight E. Matthews, Emiel F. M. Wouters, and Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13086-13091; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603290103
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    Heat-shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 pathway required for Caenorhabditis elegans immunity

    Varsha Singh and Alejandro Aballay

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13092-13097; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604050103

• Developmental Biology

  • Open Access

    Spermatozoa and spermatids retrieved from frozen reproductive organs or frozen whole bodies of male mice can produce normal offspring

    Narumi Ogonuki, Keiji Mochida, Hiromi Miki, Kimiko Inoue, Martin Fray, Takamasa Iwaki, Kazuo Moriwaki, Yuichi Obata, Kazuto Morozumi, Ryuzo Yanagimachi, and Atsuo Ogura

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13098-13103; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605755103

• Ecology

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    Annually reoccurring bacterial communities are predictable from ocean conditions

    Jed A. Fuhrman, Ian Hewson, Michael S. Schwalbach, Joshua A. Steele, Mark V. Brown, and Shahid Naeem

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13104-13109; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602399103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - Aug 29, 2006

• Environmental Sciences

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    Plague dynamics are driven by climate variation

    Nils Chr. Stenseth, Noelle I. Samia, Hildegunn Viljugrein, Kyrre Linné Kausrud, Mike Begon, Stephen Davis, Herwig Leirs, V. M. Dubyanskiy, Jan Esper, Vladimir S. Ageyev, Nikolay L. Klassovskiy, Sergey B. Pole, and Kung-Sik Chan

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13110-13115; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602447103
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    A climate-change risk analysis for world ecosystems

    Marko Scholze, Wolfgang Knorr, Nigel W. Arnell, and I. Colin Prentice

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13116-13120; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601816103

• Evolution

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    The last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA): Acquisition of cytoskeletal motility from aerotolerant spirochetes in the Proterozoic Eon

    Lynn Margulis, Michael Chapman, Ricardo Guerrero, and John Hall

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13080-13085; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604985103
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    Scale-invariant structure of strongly conserved sequence in genomic intersections and alignments

    William Salerno, Paul Havlak, and Jonathan Miller

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13121-13125; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605735103
  • Open Access

    The cyanobacterial genome core and the origin of photosynthesis

    Armen Y. Mulkidjanian, Eugene V. Koonin, Kira S. Makarova, Sergey L. Mekhedov, Alexander Sorokin, Yuri I. Wolf, Alexis Dufresne, Frédéric Partensky, Henry Burd, Denis Kaznadzey, Robert Haselkorn, and Michael Y. Galperin

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13126-13131; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605709103

• Immunology

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    A2A adenosine receptor protects tumors from antitumor T cells

    Akio Ohta, Elieser Gorelik, Simon J. Prasad, Franca Ronchese, Dmitriy Lukashev, Michael K. K. Wong, Xiaojun Huang, Sheila Caldwell, Kebin Liu, Patrick Smith, Jiang-Fan Chen, Edwin K. Jackson, Sergey Apasov, Scott Abrams, and Michail Sitkovsky

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13132-13137; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605251103
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    OX40 ligand shuts down IL-10-producing regulatory T cells

    Tomoki Ito, Yui-Hsi Wang, Omar Duramad, Shino Hanabuchi, Olivia A. Perng, Michel Gilliet, F. Xiao-Feng Qin, and Yong-Jun Liu

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13138-13143; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603107103
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    Direct stimulation of T lymphocytes by immunosomes: Virus-like particles decorated with T cell receptor/CD3 ligands plus costimulatory molecules

    Sophia V. Derdak, Hans J. Kueng, Victoria M. Leb, Alina Neunkirchner, Klaus G. Schmetterer, Edith Bielek, Otto Majdic, Walter Knapp, Brian Seed, and Winfried F. Pickl

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13144-13149; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602283103

• Medical Sciences

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    Coactosin-like protein supports 5-lipoxygenase enzyme activity and up-regulates leukotriene A₄ production

    Marija Rakonjac, Lutz Fischer, Patrick Provost, Oliver Werz, Dieter Steinhilber, Bengt Samuelsson, and Olof Rådmark

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13150-13155; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605150103
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    Myeloid lineage progenitors give rise to vascular endothelium

    • From the Cover

    Alexis S. Bailey, Holger Willenbring, Shuguang Jiang, Daniel A. Anderson, David A. Schroeder, Melissa H. Wong, Markus Grompe, and William H. Fleming

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13156-13161; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604203103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - Aug 29, 2006
    • My O'Myeloid, a tale of two lineages

      - Aug 21, 2006
  • Open Access

    Estrogen receptor (ER)-β isoforms: A key to understanding ER-β signaling

    Yuet-Kin Leung, Paul Mak, Sazzad Hassan, and Shuk-Mei Ho

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13162-13167; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605676103
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    Side population in adult murine epidermis exhibits phenotypic and functional characteristics of keratinocyte stem cells

    Richard P. Redvers, Amy Li, and Pritinder Kaur

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13168-13173; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602579103
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    Synergy between immune cells and adult neural stem/progenitor cells promotes functional recovery from spinal cord injury

    Yaniv Ziv, Hila Avidan, Stefano Pluchino, Gianvito Martino, and Michal Schwartz

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13174-13179; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603747103
  • Open Access

    Alveolar epithelial cell mesenchymal transition develops in vivo during pulmonary fibrosis and is regulated by the extracellular matrix

    Kevin K. Kim, Matthias C. Kugler, Paul J. Wolters, Liliane Robillard, Michael G. Galvez, Alexis N. Brumwell, Dean Sheppard, and Harold A. Chapman

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13180-13185; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605669103

• Microbiology

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    A proteomic study of Methylobacterium extorquens reveals a response regulator essential for epiphytic growth

    Benjamin Gourion, Michel Rossignol, and Julia A. Vorholt

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13186-13191; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603530103
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    Apicoplast fatty acid synthesis is essential for organelle biogenesis and parasite survival in Toxoplasma gondii

    Jolly Mazumdar, Emma H. Wilson, Kate Masek, Christopher A. Hunter, and Boris Striepen

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13192-13197; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603391103

• Neuroscience

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    Evidence for stroke-induced neurogenesis in the human brain

    Kunlin Jin, Xiaomei Wang, Lin Xie, Xiao Ou Mao, Wei Zhu, Yin Wang, Jianfeng Shen, Ying Mao, Surita Banwait, and David A. Greenberg

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13198-13202; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603512103
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    An internally controlled peripheral biomarker for Alzheimer’s disease: Erk1 and Erk2 responses to the inflammatory signal bradykinin

    Tapan K. Khan and Daniel L. Alkon

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13203-13207; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605411103
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    Transgenic brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression causes both anxiogenic and antidepressant effects

    Arvind Govindarajan, B. S. Shankaranarayana Rao, Deepti Nair, Mimi Trinh, Nadya Mawjee, Susumu Tonegawa, and Sumantra Chattarji

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13208-13213; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605180103
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    Spontaneous and evoked synaptic rewiring in the neonatal neocortex

    • From the Cover

    Jean-Vincent Le Bé and Henry Markram

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13214-13219; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604691103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - Aug 29, 2006

• Pharmacology

  • Open Access

    Effective countermeasure against poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides and nerve agents

    Edson X. Albuquerque, Edna F. R. Pereira, Yasco Aracava, William P. Fawcett, Maristela Oliveira, William R. Randall, Tracey A. Hamilton, Robert K. Kan, James A. Romano Jr., and Michael Adler

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13220-13225; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605370103

    See companion article:

    • In This Issue

      - Aug 29, 2006
    • Overcoming inhibitions

      - Aug 28, 2006

• Physiology

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    Vaccination against weight gain

    • From the Cover

    Eric P. Zorrilla, Shinichi Iwasaki, Jason A. Moss, Jason Chang, Jonathan Otsuji, Koki Inoue, Michael M. Meijler, and Kim D. Janda

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13226-13231; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605376103

    See companion article:

    • In search of an effective obesity treatment: A shot in the dark or a shot in the arm?

      - Aug 21, 2006
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    Local subplasma membrane Ca²⁺ signals detected by a tethered Ca²⁺ sensor

    Moo Yeol Lee, Hong Song, Junichi Nakai, Masamichi Ohkura, Michael I. Kotlikoff, Stephen P. Kinsey, Vera A. Golovina, and Mordecai P. Blaustein

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13232-13237; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605757103

• Plant Biology

  • Open Access

    PEAPOD regulates lamina size and curvature in Arabidopsis

    Derek W. R. White

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13238-13243; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604349103
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    Partially redundant functions of two SET-domain polycomb-group proteins in controlling initiation of seed development in Arabidopsis

    Dongfang Wang, Mark D. Tyson, Shawn S. Jackson, and Ramin Yadegari

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13244-13249; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605551103
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    Non-cell-autonomous rescue of anaphase-promoting complex function revealed by mosaic analysis of HOBBIT, an Arabidopsis CDC27 homolog

    Olivier Serralbo, José Manuel Pérez-Pérez, Renze Heidstra, and Ben Scheres

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13250-13255; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602410103

• Psychology

  • Open Access

    Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex induces somatotopically organized qualia in blind subjects

    Ron Kupers, Arnaud Fumal, Alain Maertens de Noordhout, Albert Gjedde, Jean Schoenen, and Maurice Ptito

    PNAS August 29, 2006 103 (35) 13256-13260; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602925103