Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

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    Characterization of capsaicin synthase and identification of its gene (csy1) for pungency factor capsaicin in pepper (Capsicum sp.)

    B. C. Narasimha Prasad, Vinod Kumar, H. B. Gururaj, R. Parimalan, P. Giridhar, and G. A. Ravishankar

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13315-13320; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605805103

• Biochemistry

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    Energy analysis of chemistry for correct insertion by DNA polymerase β

    Ping Lin, Lars C. Pedersen, Vinod K. Batra, William A. Beard, Samuel H. Wilson, and Lee G. Pedersen

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13294-13299; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606006103
  • Open Access

    Structural mechanism for the carriage and release of thyroxine in the blood

    Aiwu Zhou, Zhenquan Wei, Randy J. Read, and Robin W. Carrell

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13321-13326; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604080103
  • Open Access

    The transition state for formation of the peptide bond in the ribosome

    Asta Gindulyte, Anat Bashan, Ilana Agmon, Lou Massa, Ada Yonath, and Jerome Karle

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13327-13332; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606027103
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    Matrix morphogenesis in cornea is mediated by the modification of keratan sulfate by GlcNAc 6-O-sulfotransferase

    Yasutaka Hayashida, Tomoya O. Akama, Nicola Beecher, Philip Lewis, Robert D. Young, Keith M. Meek, Briedgeen Kerr, Clare E. Hughes, Bruce Caterson, Akira Tanigami, Jun Nakayama, Michiko N. Fukada, Yasuo Tano, Kohji Nishida, and Andrew J. Quantock

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13333-13338; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605441103
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    Structure of aminopeptidase N from Escherichia coli suggests a compartmentalized, gated active site

    Anthony Addlagatta, Leslie Gay, and Brian W. Matthews

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13339-13344; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606167103
  • Open Access

    A biosynthetic pathway for anandamide

    Jie Liu, Lei Wang, Judith Harvey-White, Douglas Osei-Hyiaman, Raj Razdan, Qian Gong, Andrew C. Chan, Zhifeng Zhou, Bill X. Huang, Hee-Yong Kim, and George Kunos

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13345-13350; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601832103
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    Coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) is a positive regulator of the Cyclin E1 gene

    Selma El Messaoudi, Eric Fabbrizio, Carmen Rodriguez, Paul Chuchana, Lucas Fauquier, Donghang Cheng, Charles Theillet, Laurence Vandel, Mark T. Bedford, and Claude Sardet

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13351-13356; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605692103

• Biophysics

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    Inhibition of protein aggregation in vitro and in vivo by a natural osmoprotectant

    Zoya Ignatova and Lila M. Gierasch

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13357-13361; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603772103

    See companion article:

    • Proline to the rescue

      - Aug 28, 2006
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    Anomalous resonance in a nanomechanical biosensor

    Amit K. Gupta, Pradeep R. Nair, Demir Akin, Michael R. Ladisch, Steve Broyles, Muhammad A. Alam, and Rashid Bashir

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13362-13367; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602022103
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    Conformational transition pathway in the allosteric process of human glucokinase

    Jian Zhang, Chenjing Li, Kaixian Chen, Weiliang Zhu, Xu Shen, and Hualiang Jiang

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13368-13373; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605738103
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    Monitoring of heparin and its low-molecular-weight analogs by silicon field effect

    Nebojša M. Milović, Jonathan R. Behr, Michel Godin, Chih-Sheng Johnson Hou, Kristofor R. Payer, Aarthi Chandrasekaran, Peter R. Russo, Ram Sasisekharan, and Scott R. Manalis

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13374-13379; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604471103
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    Trapped water molecules are essential to structural dynamics and function of a ribozyme

    Maria M. Rhodes, Kamila Réblová, Jiří Šponer, and Nils G. Walter

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13380-13385; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605090103
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    High-field pulsed electron–electron double resonance spectroscopy to determine the orientation of the tyrosyl radicals in ribonucleotide reductase

    V. P. Denysenkov, T. F. Prisner, J. Stubbe, and M. Bennati

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13386-13390; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605851103

• Cell Biology

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    The Nck-interacting kinase phosphorylates ERM proteins for formation of lamellipodium by growth factors

    Martin Baumgartner, Amy L. Sillman, Elizabeth M. Blackwood, Jyoti Srivastava, Nikki Madson, James W. Schilling, Jocelyn H. Wright, and Diane L. Barber

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13391-13396; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605950103
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    Matefin/SUN-1 is a nuclear envelope receptor for CED-4 during Caenorhabditis elegans apoptosis

    • From the Cover

    Yonatan B. Tzur, Ayelet Margalit, Naomi Melamed-Book, and Yosef Gruenbaum

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13397-13402; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604224103

• Developmental Biology

  • Open Access

    Tcof1/Treacle is required for neural crest cell formation and proliferation deficiencies that cause craniofacial abnormalities

    Jill Dixon, Natalie C. Jones, Lisa L. Sandell, Sachintha M. Jayasinghe, Jennifer Crane, Jean-Philippe Rey, Michael J. Dixon, and Paul A. Trainor

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13403-13408; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603730103
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    Dual roles for adenomatous polyposis coli in regulating retinoic acid biosynthesis and Wnt during ocular development

    Lincoln D. Nadauld, Stephanie Chidester, Dawne N. Shelton, Kunal Rai, Talmage Broadbent, Imelda T. Sandoval, Peter W. Peterson, Elizabeth J. Manos, Chris M. Ireland, H. Joseph Yost, and David A. Jones

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13409-13414; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601634103
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    MIWI associates with translational machinery and PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in regulating spermatogenesis

    Shane T. Grivna, Brook Pyhtila, and Haifan Lin

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13415-13420; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605506103

• Evolution

  • Open Access

    Pygmoid Australomelanesian Homo sapiens skeletal remains from Liang Bua, Flores: Population affinities and pathological abnormalities

    T. Jacob, E. Indriati, R. P. Soejono, K. Hsü, D. W. Frayer, R. B. Eckhardt, A. J. Kuperavage, A. Thorne, and M. Henneberg

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13421-13426; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605563103
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    Comparison of multiple vertebrate genomes reveals the birth and evolution of human exons

    Xiang H.-F. Zhang and Lawrence A. Chasin

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13427-13432; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603042103
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    Population-wide lineage frequencies predict genetic load in the seed-harvester ant Pogonomyrmex

    Kirk E. Anderson, Bert Hölldobler, Jennifer H. Fewell, Brendon M. Mott, and Jürgen Gadau

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13433-13438; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606055103

• Genetics

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    A Drosophila model of the rhabdomyosarcoma initiator PAX7-FKHR

    Rene L. Galindo, Jay A. Allport, and Eric N. Olson

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13439-13444; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605926103
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    A mitotically inheritable unit containing a MAP kinase module

    Sébastien Kicka, Crystel Bonnet, Andrew K. Sobering, Latha P. Ganesan, and Philippe Silar

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13445-13450; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603693103

• Immunology

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    Inactivation of JNK1 enhances innate IL-10 production and dampens autoimmune inflammation in the brain

    Elise H. Tran, Yasu-Taka Azuma, Manchuan Chen, Claire Weston, Roger J. Davis, and Richard A. Flavell

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13451-13456; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601155103
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    Role of T and NK cells and IL7/IL7r interactions during neonatal maturation of lymph nodes

    Mark C. Coles, Henrique Veiga-Fernandes, Katie E. Foster, Trisha Norton, Stamatis N. Pagakis, Ben Seddon, and Dimitris Kioussis

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13457-13462; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604183103

• Medical Sciences

  • Open Access

    A functional SNP in the promoter of the SERPINH1 gene increases risk of preterm premature rupture of membranes in African Americans

    • From the Cover

    Hongyan Wang, Samuel Parry, George Macones, Mary D. Sammel, Helena Kuivaniemi, Gerard Tromp, George Argyropoulos, Indrani Halder, Mark D. Shriver, Roberto Romero, and Jerome F. Strauss III

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13463-13467; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603676103

    See companion article:

    • Impaired collagen chaperone results in preterm PROM

      - Aug 28, 2006
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    Improving function and survival of pancreatic islets by endogenous production of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

    Rhonda D. Wideman, Irene L. Y. Yu, Travis D. Webber, C. Bruce Verchere, James D. Johnson, Anthony T. Cheung, and Timothy J. Kieffer

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13468-13473; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600655103
  • Open Access

    Evolution of cooperation among tumor cells

    • From the Cover

    Robert Axelrod, David E. Axelrod, and Kenneth J. Pienta

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13474-13479; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606053103
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    Carboxyethylpyrrole oxidative protein modifications stimulate neovascularization: Implications for age-related macular degeneration

    Quteba Ebrahem, Kutralanathan Renganathan, Jonathan Sears, Amit Vasanji, Xiaorong Gu, Liang Lu, Robert G. Salomon, John W. Crabb, and Bela Anand-Apte

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13480-13484; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601552103
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    Dopamine targets cycling B cells independent of receptors/transporter for oxidative attack: Implications for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

    Elizabeth J. Meredith, Michelle J. Holder, Anders Rosén, Adrian Drake Lee, Martin J. S. Dyer, Nicholas M. Barnes, and John Gordon

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13485-13490; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605993103
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    Cryptic out-of-frame translational initiation of TBCE rescues tubulin formation in compound heterozygous HRD

    Guoling Tian, Melissa C. Huang, Ruti Parvari, George A. Diaz, and Nicholas J. Cowan

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13491-13496; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602798103

• Microbiology

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    The Salmonella effector protein PipB2 is a linker for kinesin-1

    Thomas Henry, Carole Couillault, Patrick Rockenfeller, Emmanuel Boucrot, Audrey Dumont, Nina Schroeder, Aurélie Hermant, Leigh A. Knodler, Patrick Lecine, Olivia Steele-Mortimer, Jean-Paul Borg, Jean-Pierre Gorvel, and Stéphane Méresse

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13497-13502; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605443103
  • Open Access

    The PhoP/PhoQ two-component system stabilizes the alternative sigma factor RpoS in Salmonella enterica

    Xuanlin Tu, Tammy Latifi, Alexandre Bougdour, Susan Gottesman, and Eduardo A. Groisman

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13503-13508; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0606026103
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    Polyvalent inhibitors of anthrax toxin that target host receptors

    Saleem Basha, Prakash Rai, Vincent Poon, Arundhati Saraph, Kunal Gujraty, Mandy Y. Go, Skanda Sadacharan, Mia Frost, Jeremy Mogridge, and Ravi S. Kane

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13509-13513; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509870103
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    RovA, a global regulator of Yersinia pestis, specifically required for bubonic plague

    Jason S. Cathelyn, Seth D. Crosby, Wyndham W. Lathem, William E. Goldman, and Virginia L. Miller

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13514-13519; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0603456103

• Neuroscience

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    Antioxidants protect PINK1-dependent dopaminergic neurons in Drosophila

    • From the Cover

    Danling Wang, Li Qian, Hui Xiong, Jiandong Liu, Wendi S. Neckameyer, Sean Oldham, Kun Xia, Jianzhi Wang, Rolf Bodmer, and Zhuohua Zhang

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13520-13525; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0604661103

    See companion article:

    • Antioxidants put Parkinson flies back in the PINK

      - Aug 28, 2006
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    Olfactory responses in a gustatory organ of the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae

    Hyung-Wook Kwon, Tan Lu, Michael Rützler, and Laurence J. Zwiebel

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13526-13531; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601107103
  • Open Access

    Temporary loss of perivascular aquaporin-4 in neocortex after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice

    Didrik S. Frydenlund, Anish Bhardwaj, Takashi Otsuka, Maria N. Mylonakou, Thomas Yasumura, Kimberly G. V. Davidson, Emil Zeynalov, Øivind Skare, Petter Laake, Finn-Mogens Haug, John E. Rash, Peter Agre, Ole P. Ottersen, and Mahmood Amiry-Moghaddam

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13532-13536; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605796103
  • Open Access

    Neurotoxic protein expression reveals connections between the circadian clock and mating behavior in Drosophila

    Sebastian Kadener, Adriana Villella, Elzbieta Kula, Kristyna Palm, Elzbieta Pyza, Juan Botas, Jeffrey C. Hall, and Michael Rosbash

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13537-13542; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605962103
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    Broad activation of the olfactory bulb produces long-lasting changes in odor perception

    Nathalie Mandairon, Conor Stack, Carly Kiselycznyk, and Christiane Linster

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13543-13548; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602750103

• Plant Biology

  • Open Access

    ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE5 encodes a 5′→3′ exoribonuclease required for regulation of the EIN3-targeting F-box proteins EBF1/2

    • Inaugural Article

    Gabriela Olmedo, Hongwei Guo, Brian D. Gregory, Saeid D. Nourizadeh, Laura Aguilar-Henonin, Hongjiang Li, Fengying An, Plinio Guzman, and Joseph R. Ecker

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13286-13293; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0605528103
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    Protein phosphatase 1 positively regulates stomatal opening in response to blue light in Vicia faba

    Atsushi Takemiya, Toshinori Kinoshita, Miwako Asanuma, and Ken-ichiro Shimazaki

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13549-13554; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602503103
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    Genome sequence of Synechococcus CC9311: Insights into adaptation to a coastal environment

    Brian Palenik, Qinghu Ren, Chris L. Dupont, Garry S. Myers, John F. Heidelberg, Jonathan H. Badger, Ramana Madupu, William C. Nelson, Lauren M. Brinkac, Robert J. Dodson, A. Scott Durkin, Sean C. Daugherty, Stephen A. Sullivan, Hoda Khouri, Yasmin Mohamoud, Rebecca Halpin, and Ian T. Paulsen

    PNAS September 5, 2006 103 (36) 13555-13559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602963103