Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

  • Open Access

    Improvement of water use efficiency in rice by expression of HARDY, an Arabidopsis drought and salt tolerance gene

    Aarati Karaba, Shital Dixit, Raffaella Greco, Asaph Aharoni, Kurniawan R. Trijatmiko, Nayelli Marsch-Martinez, Arjun Krishnan, Karaba N. Nataraja, Makarla Udayakumar, and Andy Pereira

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15270-15275; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707294104

• Anthropology

  • Open Access

    Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe

    • From the Cover

    Greger Larson, Umberto Albarella, Keith Dobney, Peter Rowley-Conwy, Jörg Schibler, Anne Tresset, Jean-Denis Vigne, Ceiridwen J. Edwards, Angela Schlumbaum, Alexandru Dinu, Adrian Bălăçsescu, Gaynor Dolman, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Ninna Manaseryan, Preston Miracle, Louise Van Wijngaarden-Bakker, Marco Masseti, Daniel G. Bradley, and Alan Cooper

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15276-15281; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703411104

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Orphan nuclear receptor TLX recruits histone deacetylases to repress transcription and regulate neural stem cell proliferation

    GuoQiang Sun, Ruth T. Yu, Ronald M. Evans, and Yanhong Shi

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15282-15287; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704089104

• Biochemistry

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    Emergence of a fast-reacting ribozyme that is capable of undergoing continuous evolution

    Sarah B. Voytek and Gerald F. Joyce

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15288-15293; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707490104
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    Structural determination of wild-type lactose permease

    Lan Guan, Osman Mirza, Gillian Verner, So Iwata, and H. Ronald Kaback

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15294-15298; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707688104
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    Pathogenic mechanism of a human mitochondrial tRNA^Phe mutation associated with myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers syndrome

    Jiqiang Ling, Hervé Roy, Daoming Qin, Mary Anne T. Rubio, Juan D. Alfonzo, Kurt Fredrick, and Michael Ibba

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15299-15304; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704441104
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    Protein pyrophosphorylation by inositol pyrophosphates is a posttranslational event

    Rashna Bhandari, Adolfo Saiardi, Yousef Ahmadibeni, Adele M. Snowman, Adam C. Resnick, Troels Z. Kristiansen, Henrik Molina, Akhilesh Pandey, J. Kent Werner Jr., Krishna R. Juluri, Yong Xu, Glenn D. Prestwich, Keykavous Parang, and Solomon H. Snyder

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15305-15310; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707338104
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    Crystallographic trapping in the rebeccamycin biosynthetic enzyme RebC

    • From the Cover

    Katherine S. Ryan, Annaleise R. Howard-Jones, Michael J. Hamill, Sean J. Elliott, Christopher T. Walsh, and Catherine L. Drennan

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15311-15316; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707190104
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    Anatomy of energetic changes accompanying urea-induced protein denaturation

    Matthew Auton, Luis Marcelo F. Holthauzen, and D. Wayne Bolen

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15317-15322; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706251104

• Biophysics

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    Dehydration-driven solvent exposure of hydrophobic surfaces as a driving force in peptide folding

    Isabella Daidone, Martin B. Ulmschneider, Alfredo Di Nola, Andrea Amadei, and Jeremy C. Smith

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15230-15235; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701401104
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    Electrostatic interactions in phospholipid membranes revealed by coherent 2D IR spectroscopy

    V. V. Volkov, R. Chelli, W. Zhuang, F. Nuti, Y. Takaoka, A. M. Papini, S. Mukamel, and R. Righini

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15323-15327; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706426104
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    Myosin V stepping mechanism

    Giovanni Cappello, Paolo Pierobon, Clémentine Symonds, Lorenzo Busoni, J. Christof, M. Gebhardt, Matthias Rief, and Jacques Prost

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15328-15333; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706653104
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    Structural insight into Ca²⁺ specificity in tetrameric cation channels

    Amer Alam, Ning Shi, and Youxing Jiang

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15334-15339; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707324104
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    Simulating replica exchange simulations of protein folding with a kinetic network model

    Weihua Zheng, Michael Andrec, Emilio Gallicchio, and Ronald M. Levy

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15340-15345; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704418104
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    Principal component analysis of the pH-dependent conformational transitions of bovine β-lactoglobulin monitored by heteronuclear NMR

    Kazumasa Sakurai and Yuji Goto

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15346-15351; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702112104

• Cell Biology

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    The oxysterol binding protein Kes1p regulates Golgi apparatus phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate function

    Gregory D. Fairn, Amy J. Curwin, Christopher J. Stefan, and Christopher R. McMaster

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15352-15357; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705571104
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    Structural plasticity in Ig superfamily domain 4 of ICAM-1 mediates cell surface dimerization

    Xuehui Chen, Thomas Doohun Kim, Christopher V. Carman, Li-Zhi Mi, Gang Song, and Timothy A. Springer

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15358-15363; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707406104
  • Open Access

    IL-20 is an arteriogenic cytokine that remodels collateral networks and improves functions of ischemic hind limbs

    Katerina Tritsaris, Maja Myren, Sisse B. Ditlev, Martin V. Hübschmann, Ida van der Blom, Anker Jon Hansen, Uffe B. Olsen, Renhai Cao, Junhang Zhang, Tanghong Jia, Eric Wahlberg, Steen Dissing, and Yihai Cao

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15364-15369; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707302104
  • Open Access

    Processing and function of CFTR-ΔF508 are species-dependent

    Lynda S. Ostedgaard, Christopher S. Rogers, Qian Dong, Christoph O. Randak, Daniel W. Vermeer, Tatiana Rokhlina, Philip H. Karp, and Michael J. Welsh

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15370-15375; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706974104

• Developmental Biology

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    Distinct requirements for Gab1 in Met and EGF receptor signaling in vivo

    Ute Schaeper, Regina Vogel, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Joerg Huelsken, Marta Rosario, and Walter Birchmeier

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15376-15381; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702555104
  • Open Access

    The E-protein Tcf4 interacts with Math1 to regulate differentiation of a specific subset of neuronal progenitors

    Adriano Flora, Jesus J. Garcia, Christina Thaller, and Huda Y. Zoghbi

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15382-15387; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707456104

• Evolution

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    Metabolic rate does not calibrate the molecular clock

    Robert Lanfear, Jessica A. Thomas, John J. Welch, Thomas Brey, and Lindell Bromham

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15388-15393; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703359104

• Genetics

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    A mouse model for nonsense mutation bypass therapy shows a dramatic multiday response to geneticin

    Chunmei Yang, Jinong Feng, Wenjia Song, Jicheng Wang, Becky Tsai, Yunwu Zhang, William A. Scaringe, Kathleen A. Hill, Paris Margaritis, Katherine A. High, and Steve S. Sommer

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15394-15399; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0610878104
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    Specific tumor suppressor function for E2F2 in Myc-induced T cell lymphomagenesis

    Rene Opavsky, Shih-Yin Tsai, Martin Guimond, Anjulie Arora, Jana Opavska, Brian Becknell, Michael Kaufmann, Nathaniel A. Walton, Julie A. Stephens, Soledad A. Fernandez, Natarajan Muthusamy, Dean W. Felsher, Pierluigi Porcu, Michael A. Caligiuri, and Gustavo Leone

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15400-15405; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706307104
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    Global transcriptional responses to cisplatin in Dictyostelium discoideum identify potential drug targets

    Nancy Van Driessche, Hannah Alexander, Junxia Min, Adam Kuspa, Stephen Alexander, and Gad Shaulsky

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15406-15411; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705996104
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    Species-specific positive selection of the male-specific lethal complex that participates in dosage compensation in Drosophila

    Monica A. Rodriguez, Danielle Vermaak, Joshua J. Bayes, and Harmit S. Malik

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15412-15417; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707445104
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    Gene expression patterns of human colon tops and basal crypts and BMP antagonists as intestinal stem cell niche factors

    Cynthia Kosinski, Vivian S. W. Li, Annie S. Y. Chan, Ji Zhang, Coral Ho, Wai Yin Tsui, Tsun Leung Chan, Randy C. Mifflin, Don W. Powell, Siu Tsan Yuen, Suet Yi Leung, and Xin Chen

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15418-15423; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707210104

• Immunology

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    Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and N-WASP are critical for T cell development

    Vinicius Cotta-de-Almeida, Lisa Westerberg, Michel H. Maillard, Dilek Onaldi, Heather Wachtel, Parool Meelu, Ung-il Chung, Ramnik Xavier, Frederick W. Alt, and Scott B. Snapper

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15424-15429; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706881104
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    Viral targeting of fibroblastic reticular cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistence during chronic infection

    Scott N. Mueller, Mehrdad Matloubian, Daniel M. Clemens, Arlene H. Sharpe, Gordon J. Freeman, Shivaprakash Gangappa, Christian P. Larsen, and Rafi Ahmed

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15430-15435; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702579104
  • Open Access

    Wnt5a inhibits canonical Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cells and enhances repopulation

    Michael J. Nemeth, Lilia Topol, Stacie M. Anderson, Yingzi Yang, and David M. Bodine

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15436-15441; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704747104
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    γ_c cytokines condition the progressive differentiation of CD4⁺ T cells

    Guillemette X. Masse, Erwan Corcuff, Hélène Strick-Marchand, Delphine Guy-Grand, Anna Tafuri-Bladt, Matthew L. Albert, Olivier Lantz, and James P. Di Santo

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15442-15447; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702913104
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    Identification of a peripheral blood transcriptional biomarker panel associated with operational renal allograft tolerance

    Sophie Brouard, Elaine Mansfield, Christophe Braud, Li Li, Magali Giral, Szu-chuan Hsieh, Dominique Baeten, Meixia Zhang, Joanna Ashton-Chess, Cécile Braudeau, Frank Hsieh, Alexandre Dupont, Annaik Pallier, Anne Moreau, Stéphanie Louis, Catherine Ruiz, Oscar Salvatierra, Jean-Paul Soulillou, and Minnie Sarwal

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15448-15453; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705834104
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    Notch1 engagement by Delta-like-1 promotes differentiation of B lymphocytes to antibody-secreting cells

    Margarida Almeida Santos, Leonor Morais Sarmento, Manuel Rebelo, Ana Agua Doce, Ivan Maillard, Alexis Dumortier, Helia Neves, Freddy Radtke, Warren S. Pear, Leonor Parreira, and Jocelyne Demengeot

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15454-15459; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702891104
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    Sustained antigen presentation can promote an immunogenic T cell response, like dendritic cell activation

    Reinhard Obst, Hisse-Martien van Santen, Rachel Melamed, Alice O. Kamphorst, Christophe Benoist, and Diane Mathis

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15460-15465; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707331104

• Mathematics

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    Shannon's monotonicity problem for free and classical entropy

    Dimitri Shlyakhtenko and with appendix by Hanne Schultz

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15254-15258; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706451104

• Medical Sciences

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    PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy balance

    Huai-Xiang Hao, Caleb M. Cardon, Wojtek Swiatek, Robert C. Cooksey, Tammy L. Smith, James Wilde, Sihem Boudina, E. Dale Abel, Donald A. McClain, and Jared Rutter

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15466-15471; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705407104
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    Tumor-suppressive miR-34a induces senescence-like growth arrest through modulation of the E2F pathway in human colon cancer cells

    Hiroshi Tazawa, Naoto Tsuchiya, Masashi Izumiya, and Hitoshi Nakagama

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15472-15477; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707351104
  • Open Access

    Nitric oxide induces CD4⁺CD25⁺ Foxp3⁻ regulatory T cells from CD4⁺CD25⁻ T cells via p53, IL-2, and OX40

    Wanda Niedbala, Beilei Cai, Haiying Liu, Nick Pitman, Lynda Chang, and Foo Y. Liew

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15478-15483; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703725104
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    MicroRNAs regulate synthesis of the neurotransmitter substance P in human mesenchymal stem cell-derived neuronal cells

    Steven J. Greco and Pranela Rameshwar

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15484-15489; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703037104
  • Open Access

    Targeting thyroid hormone receptor-β agonists to the liver reduces cholesterol and triglycerides and improves the therapeutic index

    • From the Cover

    Mark D. Erion, Edward E. Cable, Bruce R. Ito, Hongjian Jiang, James M. Fujitaki, Patricia D. Finn, Bao-Hong Zhang, Jinzhao Hou, Serge H. Boyer, Paul D. van Poelje, and David L. Linemeyer

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15490-15495; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702759104

• Microbiology

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    Regulatory T cell-like responses in deer mice persistently infected with Sin Nombre virus

    Tony Schountz, Joseph Prescott, Ann C. Cogswell, Lauren Oko, Katy Mirowsky-Garcia, Alejandra P. Galvez, and Brian Hjelle

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15496-15501; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707454104
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    Regulatory T cells enhance persistence of the zoonotic pathogen Seoul virus in its reservoir host

    Judith D. Easterbrook, M. Christine Zink, and Sabra L. Klein

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15502-15507; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707453104
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    Type VI secretion system translocates a phage tail spike-like protein into target cells where it cross-links actin

    Stefan Pukatzki, Amy T. Ma, Andrew T. Revel, Derek Sturtevant, and John J. Mekalanos

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15508-15513; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706532104

• Neuroscience

  • Open Access

    Dmbx1 is essential in agouti-related protein action

    Wakako Fujimoto, Tetsuya Shiuchi, Takashi Miki, Yasuhiko Minokoshi, Yoshihisa Takahashi, Ayako Takeuchi, Kazuhiro Kimura, Masayuki Saito, Toshihiko Iwanaga, and Susumu Seino

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15514-15519; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707328104
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    Rapid seasonal-like regression of the adult avian song control system

    Christopher K. Thompson, George E. Bentley, and Eliot A. Brenowitz

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15520-15525; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707239104
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    Properties of GluR3 receptors tagged with GFP at the amino or carboxyl terminus

    Agenor Limon, Jorge Mauricio Reyes-Ruiz, Fabrizio Eusebi, and Ricardo Miledi

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15526-15530; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706773104
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    Resting-state networks in the infant brain

    Peter Fransson, Beatrice Skiöld, Sandra Horsch, Anders Nordell, Mats Blennow, Hugo Lagercrantz, and Ulrika Åden

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15531-15536; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704380104
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    Fragile X mental retardation protein deficiency leads to excessive mGluR5-dependent internalization of AMPA receptors

    Mika Nakamoto, Vijayalaxmi Nalavadi, Michael P. Epstein, Usha Narayanan, Gary J. Bassell, and Stephen T. Warren

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15537-15542; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707484104

• Pharmacology

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    Phospholipase Cε is a nexus for Rho and Rap-mediated G protein-coupled receptor-induced astrocyte proliferation

    Simona Citro, Sundeep Malik, Emily A. Oestreich, Julie Radeff-Huang, Grant G. Kelley, Alan V. Smrcka, and Joan Heller Brown

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15543-15548; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702943104
  • Open Access

    Impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles measured by multimodality in vivo imaging

    Derek W. Bartlett, Helen Su, Isabel J. Hildebrandt, Wolfgang A. Weber, and Mark E. Davis

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15549-15554; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707461104

• Physiology

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    Yeast screens show aromatic residues at the end of the sixth helix anchor transient receptor potential channel gate

    Xinliang Zhou, Zhenwei Su, Andriy Anishkin, W. John Haynes, Eric M. Friske, Stephen H. Loukin, Ching Kung, and Yoshiro Saimi

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15555-15559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704039104
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    Hydrogen sulfide attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by preservation of mitochondrial function

    John W. Elrod, John W. Calvert, Joanna Morrison, Jeannette E. Doeller, David W. Kraus, Ling Tao, Xiangying Jiao, Rosario Scalia, Levente Kiss, Csaba Szabo, Hideo Kimura, Chi-Wing Chow, and David J. Lefer

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15560-15565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705891104

• Plant Biology

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    Genetic evidence for three unique components in primary cell-wall cellulose synthase complexes in Arabidopsis

    Staffan Persson, Alexander Paredez, Andrew Carroll, Hildur Palsdottir, Monika Doblin, Patricia Poindexter, Natalie Khitrov, Manfred Auer, and Chris R. Somerville

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15566-15571; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706592104
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    Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

    Thierry Desprez, Michal Juraniec, Elizabeth Faris Crowell, Hélène Jouy, Zaneta Pochylova, Francois Parcy, Herman Höfte, Martine Gonneau, and Samantha Vernhettes

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15572-15577; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706569104
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    Evolution of asexual reproduction in leaves of the genus Kalanchoë

    Helena M. P. Garcês, Connie E. M. Champagne, Brad T. Townsley, Soomin Park, Rui Malhó, Maria C. Pedroso, John J. Harada, and Neelima R. Sinha

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15578-15583; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704105104

• Sustainability Science

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    Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests

    Harini Nagendra

    PNAS September 25, 2007 104 (39) 15218-15223; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0702319104