Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music

Gabriella Musacchia; Mikko Sams; Erika Skoe; Nina Kraus

doi:10.1073/pnas.0701498104

New Research In

Edited by Michael M. Merzenich, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, and approved August 3, 2007 (received for review February 16, 2007)

Abstract

Musical training is known to modify cortical organization. Here, we show that such modifications extend to subcortical sensory structures and generalize to processing of speech. Musicians had earlier and larger brainstem responses than nonmusician controls to both speech and music stimuli presented in auditory and audiovisual conditions, evident as early as 10 ms after acoustic onset. Phase-locking to stimulus periodicity, which likely underlies perception of pitch, was enhanced in musicians and strongly correlated with length of musical practice. In addition, viewing videos of speech (lip-reading) and music (instrument being played) enhanced temporal and frequency encoding in the auditory brainstem, particularly in musicians. These findings demonstrate practice-related changes in the early sensory encoding of auditory and audiovisual information.

Footnotes

^¶To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208.
E-mail: nkraus{at}northwestern.edu
Author contributions: G.M., M.S., and N.K. designed research; G.M. performed research; G.M. and E.S. analyzed data; and G.M., M.S., E.S., and N.K. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
Abbreviations:
FFR,
frequency-following response;
UA,
unimodal acoustic;
AV,
audiovisual;
UV,
unimodal visual.
© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA