Biplane wing planform and flight performance of the feathered dinosaur Microraptor gui

*Department of Geosciences, Museum of Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 43191, Lubbock, TX 79401-3191; and
^‡2212 Aster Street, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 6R6

Communicated by Lynn Margulis, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, November 17, 2006 (received for review October 24, 2005)

Footnotes

^†To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sankar.chatterjee{at}ttu.edu
Author contributions: S.C. designed research; S.C. and R.J.T. performed research; R.J.T. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.C. and R.J.T. analyzed data; and S.C. and R.J.T. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0609975104/DC1.
↵ § Chatterjee, S., Templin, R. J. (2005) Geol Soc Am Abstr Prog 37:88 (abstr.).
↵ ¶ Atanassov, M. N., Strauss, R. (2002) J Vertebr Paleontol 22:33A (abstr.).
Abbreviation:
M,
mass.
Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.
© 2007 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 2007	1875	191	2616
Feb 2007	551	260	623
Mar 2007	197	111	212
Apr 2007	97	102	142
May 2007	101	75	145
Jun 2007	58	39	76
Jul 2007	65	70	114
Aug 2007	56	37	84
Sep 2007	76	52	135
Oct 2007	81	81	130
Nov 2007	130	105	243
Dec 2007	62	31	144
Total 2007	3349	1154	4664
Jan 2008	80	52	130
Feb 2008	127	75	201
Mar 2008	111	72	245
Apr 2008	149	127	229
May 2008	97	45	160
Jun 2008	71	40	190
Jul 2008	84	21	108
Aug 2008	69	28	101
Sep 2008	107	35	108
Oct 2008	1242	128	185
Nov 2008	224	57	149
Dec 2008	94	45	139
Total 2008	2455	725	1945
Jan 2009	175	52	179
Feb 2009	168	48	140
Mar 2009	190	50	229
Apr 2009	148	54	169
May 2009	116	53	284
Jun 2009	90	43	105
Jul 2009	74	61	103
Aug 2009	96	51	68
Sep 2009	586	291	579
Oct 2009	217	131	182
Nov 2009	116	95	116
Dec 2009	262	61	114
Total 2009	2238	990	2268
Jan 2010	398	488	171
Feb 2010	344	176	233
Mar 2010	169	127	119
Apr 2010	118	102	78
May 2010	77	56	83
Jun 2010	65	40	92
Jul 2010	70	75	76
Aug 2010	81	35	105
Sep 2010	95	46	74
Oct 2010	84	58	103
Nov 2010	90	83	112
Dec 2010	68	39	68
Total 2010	1659	1325	1314
Jan 2011	83	129	68
Feb 2011	73	113	72
Mar 2011	107	68	102
Apr 2011	95	100	90
May 2011	70	45	67
Jun 2011	62	53	37
Jul 2011	57	36	53
Aug 2011	61	27	66
Sep 2011	56	34	79
Oct 2011	96	52	97
Nov 2011	176	54	128
Dec 2011	110	54	95
Total 2011	1046	765	954
Jan 2012	64	41	68
Feb 2012	144	56	79
Mar 2012	92	63	116
Apr 2012	83	53	202
May 2012	66	46	92
Jun 2012	55	28	74
Jul 2012	87	60	79
Aug 2012	71	36	41
Sep 2012	62	19	33
Oct 2012	72	24	58
Nov 2012	118	43	54
Dec 2012	104	57	81
Total 2012	1018	526	977
Jan 2013	498	179	277
Feb 2013	129	58	116
Mar 2013	142	48	97
Apr 2013	124	84	93
May 2013	130	44	102
Jun 2013	61	19	80
Jul 2013	43	21	50
Aug 2013	44	19	29
Sep 2013	91	34	83
Oct 2013	76	29	98
Nov 2013	100	47	98
Dec 2013	52	40	69
Total 2013	1490	622	1192
Jan 2014	88	40	78
Feb 2014	70	38	59
Mar 2014	118	66	91
Apr 2014	76	49	73
May 2014	79	50	87
Jun 2014	45	49	49
Jul 2014	68	49	88
Aug 2014	56	34	72
Sep 2014	57	29	78
Oct 2014	121	53	71
Nov 2014	87	41	62
Dec 2014	80	40	61
Total 2014	945	538	869
Jan 2015	142	24	93
Feb 2015	238	59	77
Mar 2015	219	104	73
Apr 2015	129	37	85
May 2015	117	93	68
Jun 2015	83	52	48
Jul 2015	73	39	78
Aug 2015	92	23	45
Sep 2015	63	35	29
Oct 2015	61	37	57
Nov 2015	83	44	187
Dec 2015	154	29	154
Total 2015	1454	576	994
Jan 2016	73	35	93
Feb 2016	86	67	168
Mar 2016	87	41	114
Apr 2016	72	40	90
May 2016	45	44	108
Jun 2016	58	23	87
Jul 2016	53	27	122
Aug 2016	49	21	103
Sep 2016	55	17	73
Oct 2016	70	20	98
Nov 2016	44	38	72
Dec 2016	53	18	101
Total 2016	745	391	1229
Jan 2017	44	36	95
Feb 2017	50	30	81
Mar 2017	44	55	101
Apr 2017	59	49	95
May 2017	34	259	69
Jun 2017	25	36	50
Jul 2017	38	41	73
Aug 2017	23	46	54
Sep 2017	66	56	51
Oct 2017	31	61	65
Nov 2017	59	65	78
Dec 2017	41	35	82
Total 2017	514	769	894
Jan 2018	92	50	38
Feb 2018	60	61	19
Mar 2018	96	95	37
Apr 2018	101	115	46
May 2018	73	79	28
Jun 2018	45	54	15
Jul 2018	40	63	30
Aug 2018	50	93	12
Sep 2018	43	56	21
Oct 2018	18	78	40
Nov 2018	15	94	55
Dec 2018	11	62	19
Total 2018	644	900	360
Jan 2019	10	84	21
Feb 2019	10	64	20
Mar 2019	25	86	47
Apr 2019	17	81	34
May 2019	13	66	22
Jun 2019	8	44	36
Jul 2019	30	101	88
Aug 2019	4	46	18
Sep 2019	13	58	25
Oct 2019	17	54	29
Nov 2019	23	95	39
Dec 2019	4	80	29
Total 2019	174	859	408
Jan 2020	4	73	34
Feb 2020	13	143	30
Mar 2020	26	56	32
Apr 2020	33	88	85
May 2020	18	122	70
Jun 2020	13	37	66
Jul 2020	15	61	63
Aug 2020	7	56	55
Sep 2020	14	99	59
Oct 2020	24	87	96
Nov 2020	22	92	73
Dec 2020	9	110	77
Total 2020	198	1024	740
Jan 2021	9	86	88
Feb 2021	29	79	99
Mar 2021	20	63	45
Apr 2021	13	46	48
Total 2021	71	274	280
Total	18000	11438	19088