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Biological Sciences

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Mice lacking angiotensin-converting enzyme have increased energy expenditure, with reduced fat mass and improved glucose clearance

    Anura P. Jayasooriya, Michael L. Mathai, Lesley L. Walker, Denovan P. Begg, Derek A. Denton, David Cameron-Smith, Gary F. Egan, Michael J. McKinley, Paula D. Rodger, Andrew J. Sinclair, John D. Wark, Harrison S. Weisinger, Mark Jois, and Richard S. Weisinger

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6531-6536; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802690105
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    Cyclic distension of fibrin-based tissue constructs: Evidence of adaptation during growth of engineered connective tissue

    Zeeshan H. Syedain, Justin S. Weinberg, and Robert T. Tranquillo

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6537-6542; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711217105

• Biochemistry

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    Investigations of valanimycin biosynthesis: Elucidation of the role of seryl-tRNA

    Ram P. Garg, Xuelei L. Qian, Lawrence B. Alemany, Sean Moran, and Ronald J. Parry

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6543-6547; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708957105
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    Biogenesis of extracellular microfibrils: Multimerization of the fibrillin-1 C terminus into bead-like structures enables self-assembly

    Dirk Hubmacher, Ehab I. El-Hallous, Valentin Nelea, Mari T. Kaartinen, Eunice R. Lee, and Dieter P. Reinhardt

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6548-6553; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706335105
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    Hypusine modification for growth is the major function of spermidine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae polyamine auxotrophs grown in limiting spermidine

    Manas K. Chattopadhyay, Myung Hee Park, and Herbert Tabor

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6554-6559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710970105
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    Structural and mechanistic insight into the basis of mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB

    Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Keith A. Stubbs, Oksana Nemirovsky, David J. Vocadlo, and Alisdair B. Boraston

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6560-6565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711491105
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    The crystal structure and dimerization interface of GADD45γ

    Joseph D. Schrag, Sarn Jiralerspong, Myriam Banville, Maria Luz Jaramillo, and Maureen D. O'Connor-McCourt

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6566-6571; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800086105
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    Revealing the moonlighting role of NADP in the structure of a flavin-containing monooxygenase

    Andrea Alfieri, Enrico Malito, Roberto Orru, Marco W. Fraaije, and Andrea Mattevi

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6572-6577; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800859105
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    Design of protein function leaps by directed domain interface evolution

    Jin Huang, Akiko Koide, Koki Makabe, and Shohei Koide

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6578-6583; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801097105
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    Activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways regulates Myc-mediated transcription by phosphorylating and promoting the degradation of Mad1

    Jidong Zhu, John Blenis, and Junying Yuan

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6584-6589; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802785105

• Biophysics

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    Assembly mechanism of recombinant spider silk proteins

    • From the Cover

    S. Rammensee, U. Slotta, T. Scheibel, and A. R. Bausch

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6590-6595; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709246105
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    Release of hydrophobic molecules from polymer micelles into cell membranes revealed by Förster resonance energy transfer imaging

    Hongtao Chen, Sungwon Kim, Li Li, Shuyi Wang, Kinam Park, and Ji-Xin Cheng

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6596-6601; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707046105
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    Single-molecule nonequilibrium periodic Mg²⁺-concentration jump experiments reveal details of the early folding pathways of a large RNA

    Xiaohui Qu, Glenna J. Smith, Kang Taek Lee, Tobin R. Sosnick, Tao Pan, and Norbert F. Scherer

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6602-6607; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801436105

• Cell Biology

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    Mathematical modeling identifies Smad nucleocytoplasmic shuttling as a dynamic signal-interpreting system

    Bernhard Schmierer, Alexander L. Tournier, Paul A. Bates, and Caroline S. Hill

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6608-6613; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710134105
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    β-Arrestin-1 mediates glucagon-like peptide-1 signaling to insulin secretion in cultured pancreatic β cells

    Noriyuki Sonoda, Takeshi Imamura, Takeshi Yoshizaki, Jennie L. Babendure, Juu-Chin Lu, and Jerrold M. Olefsky

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6614-6619; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710402105
  • Open Access

    Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial precursors do not contribute to vascular endothelium and are not needed for tumor growth

    Susanna Purhonen, Jarmo Palm, Derrick Rossi, Nina Kaskenpää, Iiro Rajantie, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Kari Alitalo, Irving L. Weissman, and Petri Salven

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6620-6625; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710516105
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    Rapid signal transduction in living cells is a unique feature of mechanotransduction

    Sungsoo Na, Olivier Collin, Farhan Chowdhury, Bernard Tay, Mingxing Ouyang, Yingxiao Wang, and Ning Wang

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6626-6631; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711704105
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    Phenotypic transcription factors epigenetically mediate cell growth control

    Syed A. Ali, Sayyed K. Zaidi, Caroline S. Dacwag, Nunciada Salma, Daniel W. Young, Abdul R. Shakoori, Martin A. Montecino, Jane B. Lian, Andre J. van Wijnen, Anthony N. Imbalzano, Gary S. Stein, and Janet L. Stein

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6632-6637; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800970105
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    Cardiac developmental defects and eccentric right ventricular hypertrophy in cardiomyocyte focal adhesion kinase (FAK) conditional knockout mice

    Xu Peng, Xiaoyang Wu, Joseph E. Druso, Huijun Wei, Ann Yong-Jin Park, Marc S. Kraus, Ana Alcaraz, Ju Chen, Shu Chien, Richard A. Cerione, and Jun-Lin Guan

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6638-6643; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802319105

• Developmental Biology

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    Pygopus activates Wingless target gene transcription through the mediator complex subunits Med12 and Med13

    Inés Carrera, Florence Janody, Nina Leeds, Fabien Duveau, and Jessica E. Treisman

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6644-6649; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709749105
  • Open Access

    Functional specialization among insect chitinase family genes revealed by RNA interference

    Qingsong Zhu, Yasuyuki Arakane, Richard W. Beeman, Karl J. Kramer, and Subbaratnam Muthukrishnan

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6650-6655; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800739105
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    ES cell pluripotency and germ-layer formation require the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling component BAF250a

    Xiaolin Gao, Peri Tate, Ping Hu, Robert Tjian, William C. Skarnes, and Zhong Wang

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6656-6661; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801802105
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    The fetal liver is a niche for maturation of primitive erythroid cells

    Joan Isern, Stuart T. Fraser, Zhiyong He, and Margaret H. Baron

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6662-6667; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802032105

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    • In This Issue

      - May 06, 2008

• Environmental Sciences

  • Open Access

    Impacts of climate warming on terrestrial ectotherms across latitude

    • From the Cover

    Curtis A. Deutsch, Joshua J. Tewksbury, Raymond B. Huey, Kimberly S. Sheldon, Cameron K. Ghalambor, David C. Haak, and Paul R. Martin

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6668-6672; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709472105
  • Open Access

    On the protection of “protected areas”

    Lucas N. Joppa, Scott R. Loarie, and Stuart L. Pimm

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6673-6678; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802471105

• Evolution

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    Noncanonical role of Hox14 revealed by its expression patterns in lamprey and shark

    Shigehiro Kuraku, Yoko Takio, Koji Tamura, Hideaki Aono, Axel Meyer, and Shigeru Kuratani

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6679-6683; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710947105

• Immunology

  • Open Access

    Selective targeting of ITK blocks multiple steps of HIV replication

    Julie A. Readinger, Gillian M. Schiralli, Jian-Kang Jiang, Craig J. Thomas, Avery August, Andrew J. Henderson, and Pamela L. Schwartzberg

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6684-6689; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709659105

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    • In This Issue

      - May 06, 2008
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    Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in lung dendritic cells promotes Th2 responses and allergic inflammation

    Hui Xu, Timothy B. Oriss, Mingjian Fei, Adam C. Henry, Barbro N. Melgert, Li Chen, Andrew L. Mellor, David H. Munn, Charles G. Irvin, Prabir Ray, and Anuradha Ray

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6690-6695; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708809105
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    Structural basis for NKG2A/CD94 recognition of HLA-E

    Brett K. Kaiser, Juan Carlos Pizarro, Julie Kerns, and Roland K. Strong

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6696-6701; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802736105

• Medical Sciences

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    High blood pressure arising from a defect in vascular function

    Simon K. Michael, Howard K. Surks, Yuepeng Wang, Yan Zhu, Robert Blanton, Michelle Jamnongjit, Mark Aronovitz, Wendy Baur, Kenichi Ohtani, Michael K. Wilkerson, Adrian D. Bonev, Mark T. Nelson, Richard H. Karas, and Michael E. Mendelsohn

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6702-6707; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802128105
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    Microdeletions are a general feature of adult and adolescent acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Unexpected similarities with pediatric disease

    Kajsa Paulsson, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Finlay MacDougall, Jane Stevens, Irina Stasevich, Nikoletta Vrcelj, Tracy Chaplin, Debra M. Lillington, T. Andrew Lister, and Bryan D. Young

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6708-6713; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800408105
  • Open Access

    Inhibition of neural crest migration underlies craniofacial dysmorphology and Hirschsprung's disease in Bardet–Biedl syndrome

    Jonathan L. Tobin, Matt Di Franco, Erica Eichers, Helen May-Simera, Monica Garcia, Jiong Yan, Robyn Quinlan, Monica J. Justice, Raoul C. Hennekam, James Briscoe, Masazumi Tada, Roberto Mayor, Alan J. Burns, James R. Lupski, Peter Hammond, and Philip L. Beales

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6714-6719; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707057105
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    Targeted deletion of the murine corneodesmosin gene delineates its essential role in skin and hair physiology

    Mitsuru Matsumoto, Yiqing Zhou, Shinji Matsuo, Hideki Nakanishi, Kenji Hirose, Hajimu Oura, Seiji Arase, Akemi Ishida-Yamamoto, Yoshimi Bando, Keisuke Izumi, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Naoko Oshima, Rika Nakayama, Akemi Matsushima, Fumiko Hirota, Yasuhiro Mouri, Noriyuki Kuroda, Shigetoshi Sano, and David D. Chaplin

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6720-6724; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709345105

• Microbiology

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    A polycyclic terpenoid that alleviates oxidative stress

    T. Bosak, R. M. Losick, and A. Pearson

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6725-6729; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800199105

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    • In This Issue

      - May 06, 2008
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    Extreme polyploidy in a large bacterium

    • From the Cover

    Jennifer E. Mendell, Kendall D. Clements, J. Howard Choat, and Esther R. Angert

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6730-6734; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707522105
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    Functional plasticity of a peroxidase allows evolution of diverse disulfide-reducing pathways

    Melinda J. Faulkner, Karthik Veeravalli, Stéphanie Gon, George Georgiou, and Jon Beckwith

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6735-6740; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801986105

• Neuroscience

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    Neural correlates of mentalizing-related computations during strategic interactions in humans

    Alan N. Hampton, Peter Bossaerts, and John P. O'Doherty

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6741-6746; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711099105
  • Open Access

    Simulation of talking faces in the human brain improves auditory speech recognition

    • From the Cover

    Katharina von Kriegstein, Özgür Dogan, Martina Grüter, Anne-Lise Giraud, Christian A. Kell, Thomas Grüter, Andreas Kleinschmidt, and Stefan J. Kiebel

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6747-6752; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710826105
  • Open Access

    Global versus local processing of frequency-modulated tones in gerbils: An animal model of lateralized auditory cortex functions

    Wolfram Wetzel, Frank W. Ohl, and Henning Scheich

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6753-6758; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707844105
  • Open Access

    The effect of a serotonin-induced dissociation between spiking and perisynaptic activity on BOLD functional MRI

    Alexander Rauch, Gregor Rainer, and Nikos K. Logothetis

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6759-6764; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0800312105
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    Modular patterning of structure and function of the striatum by retinoid receptor signaling

    Wen-Lin Liao, Hsiu-Chao Tsai, Hsiao-Fang Wang, Josephine Chang, Kuan-Ming Lu, Hsiao-Lin Wu, Yi-Chao Lee, Ting-Fen Tsai, Hiroshi Takahashi, Michael Wagner, Norbert B. Ghyselinck, Pierre Chambon, and Fu-Chin Liu

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6765-6770; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802109105

• Physiology

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    Anemia and splenomegaly in cGKI-deficient mice

    Michael Föller, Susanne Feil, Kamran Ghoreschi, Saisudha Koka, Andrea Gerling, Martin Thunemann, Franz Hofmann, Beat Schuler, Johannes Vogel, Bernd Pichler, Ravi S. Kasinathan, Jan P. Nicolay, Stephan M. Huber, Florian Lang, and Robert Feil

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6771-6776; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708940105

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    • In This Issue

      - May 06, 2008
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    Insulin signaling and FOXO regulate the overwintering diapause of the mosquito Culex pipiens

    Cheolho Sim and David L. Denlinger

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6777-6781; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802067105

• Plant Biology

  • Open Access

    Mutations in topoisomerase I as a self-resistance mechanism coevolved with the production of the anticancer alkaloid camptothecin in plants

    • From the Cover

    Supaart Sirikantaramas, Mami Yamazaki, and Kazuki Saito

    PNAS May 6, 2008 105 (18) 6782-6786; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801038105