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Biological Sciences

• Agricultural Sciences

  • Open Access

    Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass

    M. R. Schmer, K. P. Vogel, R. B. Mitchell, and R. K. Perrin

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 464-469; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0704767105
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    A crop population perspective on maize seed systems in Mexico

    George A. Dyer and J. Edward Taylor

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 470-475; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706321105

• Applied Biological Sciences

  • Open Access

    Domain requirement of moenomycin binding to bifunctional transglycosylases and development of high-throughput discovery of antibiotics

    Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng, Ming-Ta Sung, Hsin-Yu Liao, Yi-Fan Chang, Chia-Wei Chen, Chia-Ying Huang, Lien-Yang Chou, Yen-Da Wu, Yin-Hsuan Chen, Yih-Shyun E. Cheng, Chi-Huey Wong, Che Ma, and Wei-Chieh Cheng

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 431-436; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710868105
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    Ultrafast DNA sequencing on a microchip by a hybrid separation mechanism that gives 600 bases in 6.5 minutes

    Christopher P. Fredlake, Daniel G. Hert, Cheuk-Wai Kan, Thomas N. Chiesl, Brian E. Root, Ryan E. Forster, and Annelise E. Barron

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 476-481; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705093105

• Biochemistry

  • Open Access

    Assembly of Weibel–Palade body-like tubules from N-terminal domains of von Willebrand factor

    Ren-Huai Huang, Ying Wang, Robyn Roth, Xiong Yu, Angie R. Purvis, John E. Heuser, Edward H. Egelman, and J. Evan Sadler

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 482-487; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710079105
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    Structural basis for specific lipid recognition by CERT responsible for nonvesicular trafficking of ceramide

    Norio Kudo, Keigo Kumagai, Nario Tomishige, Toshiyuki Yamaji, Soichi Wakatsuki, Masahiro Nishijima, Kentaro Hanada, and Ryuichi Kato

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 488-493; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709191105
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    Biosynthesis of the enediyne antitumor antibiotic C-1027 involves a new branching point in chorismate metabolism

    Steven G. Van Lanen, Shuangjun Lin, and Ben Shen

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 494-499; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708750105
  • Open Access

    Cross-crystal averaging reveals that the structure of the peptidyl-transferase center is the same in the 70S ribosome and the 50S subunit

    Miljan Simonović and Thomas A. Steitz

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 500-505; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711076105
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    Allosteric cooperativity in protein kinase A

    Larry R. Masterson, Alessandro Mascioni, Nathaniel J. Traaseth, Susan S. Taylor, and Gianluigi Veglia

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 506-511; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709214104
  • Open Access

    In vitro reconstitution of the human RISC-loading complex

    Ian J. MacRae, Enbo Ma, Min Zhou, Carol V. Robinson, and Jennifer A. Doudna

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 512-517; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710869105
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    Discovery of an alternate metabolic pathway for urea synthesis in adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

    Patricia Y. Scaraffia, Guanhong Tan, Jun Isoe, Vicki H. Wysocki, Michael A. Wells, and Roger L. Miesfeld

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 518-523; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708098105
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    D-loop formation by Brh2 protein of Ustilago maydis

    Nayef Mazloum, Qingwen Zhou, and William K. Holloman

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 524-529; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707031105

• Biophysics

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    Noise in solid-state nanopores

    R. M. M. Smeets, U. F. Keyser, N. H. Dekker, and C. Dekker

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 417-421; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705349105
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    Anomalous dynamics of cell migration

    Peter Dieterich, Rainer Klages, Roland Preuss, and Albrecht Schwab

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 459-463; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707603105
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    Preferred side-chain constellations at antiparallel coiled-coil interfaces

    Erik B. Hadley, Oliver D. Testa, Derek N. Woolfson, and Samuel H. Gellman

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 530-535; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709068105
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    Multiscale complex network of protein conformational fluctuations in single-molecule time series

    Chun-Biu Li, Haw Yang, and Tamiki Komatsuzaki

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 536-541; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707378105
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    Conformational changes of calmodulin upon Ca²⁺ binding studied with a microfluidic mixer

    Hye Yoon Park, Sally A. Kim, Jonas Korlach, Elizabeth Rhoades, Lisa W. Kwok, Warren R. Zipfel, M. Neal Waxham, Watt W. Webb, and Lois Pollack

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 542-547; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710810105
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    Cooperative binding of ATP and RNA induces a closed conformation in a DEAD box RNA helicase

    Bettina Theissen, Anne R. Karow, Jürgen Köhler, Airat Gubaev, and Dagmar Klostermeier

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 548-553; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705488105

• Developmental Biology

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    Heat-shock protein 90α1 is required for organized myofibril assembly in skeletal muscles of zebrafish embryos

    Shao Jun Du, Huiqing Li, Yuehong Bian, and Yongwang Zhong

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 554-559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707330105

• Ecology

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    Food limitation leads to behavioral diversification and dietary specialization in sea otters

    M. Tim Tinker, Gena Bentall, and James A. Estes

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 560-565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709263105
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    Ecological rules governing helminth–microparasite coinfection

    Andrea L. Graham

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 566-570; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707221105
  • Open Access

    Water shrews detect movement, shape, and smell to find prey underwater

    Kenneth C. Catania, James F. Hare, and Kevin L. Campbell

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 571-576; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709534104
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    Interaction location outweighs the competitive advantage of numerical superiority in Cebus capucinus intergroup contests

    Margaret C. Crofoot, Ian C. Gilby, Martin C. Wikelski, and Roland W. Kays

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 577-581; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707749105

• Environmental Sciences

  • Open Access

    Single-shot detection of bacterial endospores via coherent Raman spectroscopy

    Dmitry Pestov, Xi Wang, Gombojav O. Ariunbold, Robert K. Murawski, Vladimir A. Sautenkov, Arthur Dogariu, Alexei V. Sokolov, and Marlan O. Scully

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 422-427; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710427105

• Evolution

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    Sexual maturity in growing dinosaurs does not fit reptilian growth models

    • From the Cover

    Andrew H. Lee and Sarah Werning

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 582-587; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708903105
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    Phylogeny of endocytic components yields insight into the process of nonendosymbiotic organelle evolution

    Joel B. Dacks, Pak P. Poon, and Mark C. Field

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 588-593; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707318105
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    Interactions between the direct and indirect effects of predators determine life history evolution in a killifish

    Matthew R. Walsh and David N. Reznick

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 594-599; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710051105
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    Isotopic evidence for omnivory among European cave bears: Late Pleistocene Ursus spelaeus from the Peştera cu Oase, Romania

    Michael P. Richards, Martina Pacher, Mathias Stiller, Jérôme Quilès, Michael Hofreiter, Silviu Constantin, João Zilhão, and Erik Trinkaus

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 600-604; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711063105

• Genetics

  • Open Access

    Germ-line mutations, DNA damage, and global hypermethylation in mice exposed to particulate air pollution in an urban/industrial location

    Carole Yauk, Aris Polyzos, Andrea Rowan-Carroll, Christopher M. Somers, Roger W. Godschalk, Frederik J. Van Schooten, M. Lynn Berndt, Igor P. Pogribny, Igor Koturbash, Andrew Williams, George R. Douglas, and Olga Kovalchuk

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 605-610; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705896105
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    Hydrogen peroxide scavenging rescues frataxin deficiency in a Drosophila model of Friedreich's ataxia

    Peter R. Anderson, Kim Kirby, William C. Orr, Arthur J. Hilliker, and John P. Phillips

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 611-616; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709691105
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    Required sample size and nonreplicability thresholds for heterogeneous genetic associations

    Ramal Moonesinghe, Muin J. Khoury, Tiebin Liu, and John P. A. Ioannidis

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 617-622; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705554105

• Immunology

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    A safeguard eliminates T cell receptor gene-modified autoreactive T cells after adoptive transfer

    Elisa Kieback, Jehad Charo, Daniel Sommermeyer, Thomas Blankenstein, and Wolfgang Uckert

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 623-628; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710198105
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    Platelets prevent IFN-α/β-induced lethal hemorrhage promoting CTL-dependent clearance of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

    Matteo Iannacone, Giovanni Sitia, Masanori Isogawa, Jason K. Whitmire, Patrizia Marchese, Francis V. Chisari, Zaverio M. Ruggeri, and Luca G. Guidotti

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 629-634; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711200105
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    Evolution of GITRL immune function: Murine GITRL exhibits unique structural and biochemical properties within the TNF superfamily

    Kausik Chattopadhyay, Udupi A. Ramagopal, Michael Brenowitz, Stanley G. Nathenson, and Steven C. Almo

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 635-640; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710529105
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    Structural basis for ligand-mediated mouse GITR activation

    Zhaocai Zhou, Yukiko Tone, Xiaomin Song, Keiji Furuuchi, James D. Lear, Herman Waldmann, Masahide Tone, Mark I. Greene, and Ramachandran Murali

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 641-645; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711206105
  • Open Access

    Functional deficit of T regulatory cells in Fulani, an ethnic group with low susceptibility to Plasmodium falciparum malaria

    Maria G. Torcia, Veronica Santarlasci, Lorenzo Cosmi, AnnMaria Clemente, Laura Maggi, Valentina D. Mangano, Federica Verra, Germana Bancone, Issa Nebie, Bienvenu Sodiomon Sirima, Francesco Liotta, Francesca Frosali, Roberta Angeli, Carlo Severini, Anna R. Sannella, Paolo Bonini, Maria Lucibello, Enrico Maggi, Enrico Garaci, Mario Coluzzi, Federico Cozzolino, Francesco Annunziato, Sergio Romagnani, and David Modiano

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 646-651; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709969105
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    Demonstration of inflammation-induced cancer and cancer immunoediting during primary tumorigenesis

    Jeremy B. Swann, Matthew D. Vesely, Anabel Silva, Janelle Sharkey, Shizuo Akira, Robert D. Schreiber, and Mark J. Smyth

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 652-656; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708594105
  • Open Access

    Promiscuous gene expression patterns in single medullary thymic epithelial cells argue for a stochastic mechanism

    Jens Derbinski, Sheena Pinto, Stefanie Rösch, Klaus Hexel, and Bruno Kyewski

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 657-662; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707486105

• Medical Sciences

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    The thyroid hormone mimetic compound KB2115 lowers plasma LDL cholesterol and stimulates bile acid synthesis without cardiac effects in humans

    • From the Cover

    Anders Berkenstam, Jens Kristensen, Karin Mellström, Bo Carlsson, Johan Malm, Stefan Rehnmark, Neeraj Garg, Carl Magnus Andersson, Mats Rudling, Folke Sjöberg, Bo Angelin, and John D. Baxter

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 663-667; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705286104
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    Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure

    • From the Cover

    Johan Moan, Alina Carmen Porojnicu, Arne Dahlback, and Richard B. Setlow

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 668-673; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710615105
  • Open Access

    ICA512 signaling enhances pancreatic β-cell proliferation by regulating cyclins D through STATs

    Hassan Mziaut, Stephan Kersting, Klaus-Peter Knoch, Wan-Hung Fan, Mirko Trajkovski, Katja Erdmann, Hendrik Bergert, Florian Ehehalt, Hans-Detlev Saeger, and Michele Solimena

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 674-679; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710931105
  • Open Access

    Eoxins are proinflammatory arachidonic acid metabolites produced via the 15-lipoxygenase-1 pathway in human eosinophils and mast cells

    Stina Feltenmark, Narinder Gautam, Åsa Brunnström, William Griffiths, Linda Backman, Charlotte Edenius, Lennart Lindbom, Magnus Björkholm, and Hans-Erik Claesson

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 680-685; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710127105
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    Activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway accelerates bone regeneration

    Chao Wan, Shawn R. Gilbert, Ying Wang, Xuemei Cao, Xing Shen, Girish Ramaswamy, Kimberly A. Jacobsen, Zainab S. Alaql, Alan W. Eberhardt, Louis C. Gerstenfeld, Thomas A. Einhorn, Lianfu Deng, and Thomas L. Clemens

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 686-691; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708474105
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    Signaling networks assembled by oncogenic EGFR and c-Met

    Ailan Guo, Judit Villén, Jon Kornhauser, Kimberly A. Lee, Matthew P. Stokes, Klarisa Rikova, Anthony Possemato, Julie Nardone, Gregory Innocenti, Randall Wetzel, Yi Wang, Joan MacNeill, Jeffrey Mitchell, Steven P. Gygi, John Rush, Roberto D. Polakiewicz, and Michael J. Comb

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 692-697; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707270105
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    High field gradient targeting of magnetic nanoparticle-loaded endothelial cells to the surfaces of steel stents

    Boris Polyak, Ilia Fishbein, Michael Chorny, Ivan Alferiev, Darryl Williams, Ben Yellen, Gary Friedman, and Robert J. Levy

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 698-703; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708338105

• Microbiology

  • Open Access

    Differential response of the plant Medicago truncatula to its symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti or an exopolysaccharide-deficient mutant

    Kathryn M. Jones, Natalya Sharopova, Dasharath P. Lohar, Jennifer Q. Zhang, Kathryn A. VandenBosch, and Graham C. Walker

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 704-709; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709338105
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    Role for lysosomal enzyme β-hexosaminidase in the control of mycobacteria infection

    Ingrid Chou Koo, Yamini M. Ohol, Ping Wu, J. Hiroshi Morisaki, Jeffery S. Cox, and Eric J. Brown

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 710-715; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708110105

• Neuroscience

  • Open Access

    Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain

    Tim R. Mercer, Marcel E. Dinger, Susan M. Sunkin, Mark F. Mehler, and John S. Mattick

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 716-721; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706729105
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    High-frequency HTR3B variant associated with major depression dramatically augments the signaling of the human 5-HT_3AB receptor

    Karen Krzywkowski, Paul A. Davies, Paula L. Feinberg-Zadek, Hans Bräuner-Osborne, and Anders A. Jensen

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 722-727; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708454105
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    Hypothesis-based RNAi screening identifies neuroprotective genes in a Parkinson's disease model

    Shusei Hamamichi, Renee N. Rivas, Adam L. Knight, Songsong Cao, Kim A. Caldwell, and Guy A. Caldwell

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 728-733; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711018105
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    On BC1 RNA and the fragile X mental retardation protein

    Anna Iacoangeli, Timofey S. Rozhdestvensky, Natalia Dolzhanskaya, Barthélémy Tournier, Janin Schütt, Jürgen Brosius, Robert B. Denman, Edouard W. Khandjian, Stefan Kindler, and Henri Tiedge

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 734-739; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710991105
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    Nogo receptor antagonizes p75NTR-dependent motor neuron death

    Luc Dupuis, Mariana Pehar, Patricia Cassina, Frédérique Rene, Raquel Castellanos, Caroline Rouaux, Mandi Gandelman, Leda Dimou, Martin E. Schwab, Jean-Philippe Loeffler, Luis Barbeito, and Jose-Luis Gonzalez de Aguilar

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 740-745; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703842105
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    Dendritic glutamate release produces autocrine activation of mGluR1 in cerebellar Purkinje cells

    Jung Hoon Shin, Yu Shin Kim, and David J. Linden

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 746-750; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709407105
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    IL-1β is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress

    Ja Wook Koo and Ronald S. Duman

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 751-756; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708092105
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    Unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP-1 does not influence prion replication or pathogenesis

    Claudio Hetz, Ann-Hwee Lee, Dennisse Gonzalez-Romero, Peter Thielen, Joaquín Castilla, Claudio Soto, and Laurie H. Glimcher

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 757-762; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711094105
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    The phosphorylation state of Ser-129 in human α-synuclein determines neurodegeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease

    Oleg S. Gorbatyuk, Shoudong Li, Layla F. Sullivan, Weijun Chen, Galina Kondrikova, Fredric P. Manfredsson, Ronald J. Mandel, and Nicholas Muzyczka

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 763-768; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711053105
  • Open Access

    Learning-related long-term potentiation of inhibitory synapses in the cerebellar cortex

    Bibiana Scelfo, Benedetto Sacchetti, and Piergiorgio Strata

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 769-774; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706342105
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    Homeostatic regulation of AMPA receptor expression at single hippocampal synapses

    Qingming Hou, Dawei Zhang, Larissa Jarzylo, Richard L. Huganir, and Heng-Ye Man

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 775-780; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0706447105
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    Rapid cell-cycle reentry and cell death after acute inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene product in postnatal cochlear hair cells

    Thomas Weber, Mary K. Corbett, Lionel M. L. Chow, Marcus B. Valentine, Suzanne J. Baker, and Jian Zuo

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 781-785; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708061105
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    Opioid neuropeptide genotypes in relation to heroin abuse: Dopamine tone contributes to reversed mesolimbic proenkephalin expression

    Andrej Nikoshkov, Katarina Drakenberg, Xinyu Wang, Monika Cs. Horvath, Eva Keller, and Yasmin L. Hurd

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 786-791; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710902105

• Physiology

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    The A2b adenosine receptor protects against vascular injury

    Dan Yang, Milka Koupenova, Donald J. McCrann, Katherine J. Kopeikina, Herbert M. Kagan, Barbara M. Schreiber, and Katya Ravid

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 792-796; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0705563105

• Plant Biology

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    Histone arginine methylation is required for vernalization-induced epigenetic silencing of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana

    • Inaugural Article

    Robert J. Schmitz, Sibum Sung, and Richard M. Amasino

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 411-416; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710423104
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    Respiratory metabolism of illuminated leaves depends on CO₂ and O₂ conditions

    Guillaume Tcherkez, Richard Bligny, Elizabeth Gout, Aline Mahé, Michael Hodges, and Gabriel Cornic

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 797-802; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0708947105
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    Cell-specific nitrogen responses mediate developmental plasticity

    Miriam L. Gifford, Alexis Dean, Rodrigo A. Gutierrez, Gloria M. Coruzzi, and Kenneth D. Birnbaum

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 803-808; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709559105

• Psychology

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    A predisposition for biological motion in the newborn baby

    Francesca Simion, Lucia Regolin, and Hermann Bulf

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 809-813; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707021105
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    Binaural jitter improves interaural time-difference sensitivity of cochlear implantees at high pulse rates

    • From the Cover

    Bernhard Laback and Piotr Majdak

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 814-817; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0709199105

• Sustainability Science

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    Difficulties in tracking the long-term global trend in tropical forest area

    Alan Grainger

    PNAS January 15, 2008 105 (2) 818-823; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703015105