Ancient DNA, Strontium isotopes, and osteological analyses shed light on social and kinship organization of the Later Stone Age

Wolfgang Haak; Guido Brandt; Hylke N. de Jong; Christian Meyer; Robert Ganslmeier; Volker Heyd; Chris Hawkesworth; Alistair W. G. Pike; Harald Meller; Kurt W. Alt

doi:10.1073/pnas.0807592105

Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved October 3, 2008
↵¹These authors contributed equally to this work. (received for review August 5, 2008)

Online Impact

Article Information

vol. 105 no. 47 18226-18231

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807592105

PubMed:

19015520

Published By:

National Academy of Sciences

Print ISSN:

0027-8424

Online ISSN:

1091-6490

History:

Published in issue November 25, 2008.
Published first November 17, 2008.

Article Versions

Previous version (November 17, 2008 - 13:14).
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Author Information

Wolfgang Haak^a,¹,²,³,
Guido Brandt^a,¹,
Hylke N. de Jong^b,
Christian Meyer^a,
Robert Ganslmeier^c,
Volker Heyd^b,
Chris Hawkesworth^d,
Alistair W. G. Pike^b,
Harald Meller^c, and
Kurt W. Alt^a

^aInstitut für Anthropologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Saarstrasse 21, D-55099 Mainz, Germany;
^bDepartment of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, 43 Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UU, United Kingdom;
^cLandesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologie und Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 9, D-06114 Halle/Saale, Germany; and
^dDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom

Edited by Richard G. Klein, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and approved October 3, 2008
↵¹These authors contributed equally to this work. (received for review August 5, 2008)

Footnotes

³To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wolfgang.haak{at}adelaide.edu.au
Author contributions: W.H., A.W.G.P., H.M., and K.W.A. designed research; G.B., H.N.d.J., C.M., and R.G. performed research; W.H., G.B., H.N.d.J., R.G., C.H., and A.W.G.P. analyzed data; and W.H., G.B., C.M., R.G., V.H., C.H., A.W.G.P., H.M., and K.W.A. wrote the paper.
↵²Present address: The Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace Campus, SA-5005 Adelaide, Australia.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
Data deposition. The sequences in this paper have been deposited in the Genbank database (accession nos. FJ424615–FJ424625).
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0807592105/DCSupplemental.
© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Nov 2008	8245	63	964
Dec 2008	2596	96	230
Total 2008	10841	159	1194
Jan 2009	644	21	89
Feb 2009	488	21	84
Mar 2009	391	44	90
Apr 2009	276	31	62
May 2009	286	16	67
Jun 2009	255	48	66
Jul 2009	171	47	62
Aug 2009	166	49	100
Sep 2009	185	51	118
Oct 2009	161	73	76
Nov 2009	237	116	120
Dec 2009	149	73	73
Total 2009	3409	590	1007
Jan 2010	172	33	67
Feb 2010	111	43	73
Mar 2010	184	75	54
Apr 2010	120	67	58
May 2010	217	105	57
Jun 2010	139	77	26
Jul 2010	91	74	44
Aug 2010	136	108	59
Sep 2010	129	101	75
Oct 2010	255	101	70
Nov 2010	239	117	103
Dec 2010	219	58	61
Total 2010	2012	959	747
Jan 2011	169	97	59
Feb 2011	368	73	63
Mar 2011	207	113	89
Apr 2011	230	140	73
May 2011	207	124	88
Jun 2011	145	52	57
Jul 2011	106	65	50
Aug 2011	148	89	35
Sep 2011	183	84	58
Oct 2011	334	123	103
Nov 2011	336	107	84
Dec 2011	182	72	54
Total 2011	2615	1139	813
Jan 2012	161	56	65
Feb 2012	176	61	75
Mar 2012	181	96	91
Apr 2012	160	125	82
May 2012	231	113	71
Jun 2012	207	79	58
Jul 2012	182	81	43
Aug 2012	167	42	36
Sep 2012	130	50	52
Oct 2012	233	75	90
Nov 2012	250	84	86
Dec 2012	151	58	53
Total 2012	2229	920	802
Jan 2013	205	116	86
Feb 2013	196	121	86
Mar 2013	232	98	95
Apr 2013	293	118	98
May 2013	441	65	69
Jun 2013	224	67	44
Jul 2013	108	64	48
Aug 2013	116	68	58
Sep 2013	147	49	52
Oct 2013	176	67	72
Nov 2013	263	103	81
Dec 2013	216	89	82
Total 2013	2617	1025	871
Jan 2014	171	61	53
Feb 2014	158	106	46
Mar 2014	229	91	91
Apr 2014	205	124	113
May 2014	182	96	73
Jun 2014	227	50	60
Jul 2014	145	79	47
Aug 2014	150	133	51
Sep 2014	162	99	75
Oct 2014	264	131	533
Nov 2014	227	142	320
Dec 2014	185	86	154
Total 2014	2305	1198	1616
Jan 2015	148	107	167
Feb 2015	203	125	127
Mar 2015	201	118	113
Apr 2015	199	198	81
May 2015	179	216	76
Jun 2015	117	53	42
Jul 2015	120	80	71
Aug 2015	204	125	59
Sep 2015	139	119	84
Oct 2015	176	118	84
Nov 2015	195	155	115
Dec 2015	169	95	95
Total 2015	2050	1509	1114
Jan 2016	202	113	120
Feb 2016	169	77	74
Mar 2016	230	143	136
Apr 2016	189	175	126
May 2016	166	148	58
Jun 2016	163	83	79
Jul 2016	158	85	70
Aug 2016	171	234	79
Sep 2016	231	139	42
Oct 2016	333	139	101
Nov 2016	250	163	128
Dec 2016	216	151	56
Total 2016	2478	1650	1069
Jan 2017	215	143	69
Feb 2017	150	165	56
Mar 2017	202	246	78
Apr 2017	233	127	77
May 2017	129	109	73
Jun 2017	176	75	49
Jul 2017	110	79	57
Aug 2017	180	80	47
Sep 2017	174	109	60
Oct 2017	119	156	58
Nov 2017	136	126	56
Dec 2017	165	139	109
Total 2017	1989	1554	789
Jan 2018	174	116	158
Feb 2018	428	211	83
Mar 2018	983	173	91
Apr 2018	923	294	78
May 2018	881	236	50
Jun 2018	674	227	45
Jul 2018	159	167	28
Aug 2018	171	141	47
Sep 2018	224	182	45
Oct 2018	49	174	46
Nov 2018	59	281	59
Dec 2018	31	377	50
Total 2018	4756	2579	780
Jan 2019	40	180	34
Feb 2019	67	165	55
Mar 2019	95	354	105
Apr 2019	56	238	92
May 2019	51	236	61
Jun 2019	30	196	48
Jul 2019	31	183	39
Aug 2019	34	161	42
Sep 2019	48	130	36
Oct 2019	90	202	76
Nov 2019	58	193	87
Dec 2019	62	226	81
Total 2019	662	2464	756
Jan 2020	52	171	72
Feb 2020	63	156	57
Mar 2020	69	183	46
Apr 2020	67	187	83
May 2020	42	189	80
Jun 2020	28	181	64
Jul 2020	25	588	32
Aug 2020	22	125	56
Sep 2020	32	225	49
Oct 2020	38	135	57
Nov 2020	41	228	70
Dec 2020	55	141	55
Total 2020	534	2509	721
Jan 2021	38	205	57
Feb 2021	34	267	50
Mar 2021	90	659	104
Apr 2021	73	291	112
May 2021	65	215	164
Jun 2021	46	248	57
Jul 2021	45	255	76
Aug 2021	23	219	58
Sep 2021	21	207	38
Oct 2021	24	193	60
Nov 2021	32	257	84
Dec 2021	31	244	66
Total 2021	522	3260	926
Jan 2022	37	293	78
Total 2022	37	293	78
Total	39056	21808	13283