Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
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Edited by Robert Langer, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and approved December 21, 2007 (received for review October 31, 2007)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Mean (SD) NTX plasma concentrations for 72 h of patch application. (Inset) Early sampling points.
- Fig. 2.
Mean (SD) NTXOL plasma concentrations for 72 h of patch application. (Inset) Early sampling points.
- Fig. 3.
MN patch for TD delivery. (A) Image of a 50-MN patch resting on the tip of a human thumb. (B) Image of human skin after insertion of a 50-MN patch and staining with gentian violet, a dye that selective stained sites of skin perforation. (C) NTX TD patch and covering.
Tables
Parameters NTX NTXOL Css, ng/ml 2.5 (1.0) 0.6 (0.5) Tlag, h 1.8 (1.1) 1.4 (1.4) Cmax, ng/ml 4.5 (2.4) 1.9 (1.3) Tmax,h 8.8 (7.6) 37.5 (31.3) AUC0-t, ng·h/ml 142.9 (43.9) 39.7 (25.9) Clast, ng/ml 1.8 (1.0) 0.4 (0.6) Results are expressed as means ± SD (in parentheses) for six MN-treated subjects. Css = concentration at steady-state condition; Tlag = time to reach steady-state condition; Cmax = maximum concentration achieved; Tmax = time to achieve maximum concentration; AUC0-t = area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to 72 h; Clast = concentration at time of patch removal after 72 h of application.
Microneedles permit transdermal delivery of a skin-impermeant medication to humans
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