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Edited by Thure E. Cerling, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved January 22, 2008 (received for review August 24, 2007)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Stratigraphic columns and beryllium ages of TM 254 and TM 266 (Sahelanthropus tchadensis locality, Toros-Menalla, Upper Miocene, Northern Chad). (The circle on the localization map indicates the studied area; red numbers, number of the sample in Table 2.) The Toumaï cranium is precisely located in the TM 266 section.
- Fig. 2.
Stratigraphic columns and beryllium ages of KT 12 (Australopithecus bahrelghazali locality, Koro Toro, Early Pliocene, Northern Chad), KL and KB 1. (The circle on the localization map indicates the studied area; red numbers, number of the sample in Table 2). The Australopithecus bahrelghazali holotype is precisely located in KT 12 section.
Tables
- Table 1.
N 0 initial authigenic 10Be/9Be ratio calculation from four Holocene Lake Mega-Chad diatomite samples
Sample S. unit Age Lithology Sample depth,* m Natural [10Be]/[9Be], † ×10−8 TOD1 Lacustrine Holocene Diatomite 0.20 2.72 ± 0.25 TOD1 Lacustrine Holocene Diatomite 0.30 2.46 ± 0.14 TOD2 Lacustrine Holocene Diatomite 1.00 2.66 ± 0.16 TOD2 Lacustrine Holocene Diatomite 2.40 2.44 ± 0.19 - Table 2.
Authigenic 10Be/9Be ratio and age for 39 sediment samples from four Lower Pliocene to Upper Miocene sampling localities
Section Height, m Sedimentary unit Lithology [10Be]/[9Be], ×10−10 Age, yr ×106 Ref. Mean age, yr × 106 (MSWD) KT 12* 0.6 Lacustrine Pelites 41.06 ± 1.77 3.58 ± 0.27 33 KL 4 Lacustrine Diatomite 32.67 ± 2.08 4.03 ± 0.36 34 KL 3.6 Lacustrine Pelites 35.08 ± 1.86 3.89 ± 0.32 35 3.96 ± 0.48† KB 1 4.7 Lacustrine Pelites 23.46 ± 1.33 4.68 ± 0.39 36 KB 1 4.2 Lacustrine Pelites 17.53 ± 0.93 5.25 ± 0.43 37 KB 1 3.7 Lacustrine Pelites 11.19 ± 0.76 6.13 ± 0.56 38 KB 1 3.4 Lacustrine Pelites 15.05 ± 0.97 5.55 ±0.49 39 5.26 ± 0.29‡ (1.64) TM 254 10.2 Lacustrine Diatomite 10.65 ± 0.90 6.23 ± 0.65 1 TM 254 10.1 Lacustrine Pelites 11.74 ± 1.22 6.04 ± 0.73 2 TM 254 10 Lacustrine Diatomite 13.66 ± 2.90 5.74 ± 1.27 3 TM 254 9.1 Lacustrine Diatomite 7.31 ± 0.86 6.96 ± 0.92 4 6.26 ± 0.41‡ (0.28) TM 254 8.5 A.U. Argil. sandst. 16.36 ± 2.60 5.39 ± 0.92 5 TM 254 8.4 A.U. Sandstones 7.68 ± 0.76 6.87 ± 0.80 6 TM 254 8.4 A.U. Sandstones 3.07 ± 0.34 8.67 ± 1.11 7 TM 254 8.1 A.U. Argil. sandst. 9.04 ± 1.13 6.55 ± 0.91 8 TM 254 7.9 A.U. Sandstones 6.89 ± 0.65 7.08 ± 0.80 9 TM 254 7.3 A.U. Sandstones 6.20 ± 0.83 7.39 ± 1.08 10 6.88 ± 0.40‡ (1.14) TM 254 6.2 A.U. Sandstones 6.34 ± 0.53 7.24 ± 0.75 11 TM 254 6.1 A.U. Sandstones 9.24 ± 2.40 6.50 ± 1.74 12 TM 254 6 A.U. Termite nest 6.47 ± 0.68 7.20 ± 0.88 13 TM 254 6 A.U. Termite nest 6.38 ± 0.91 7.23 ± 1.12 14 TM 254 6 A.U. Termite nest 6.00 ± 0.64 7.35 ± 0.91 15 TM 254 5.9 A.U. Sandstones 9.64 ± 2.29 6.42 ± 1.58 16 TM 254 5.6 A.U. Sandstones 5.13 ± 0.75 7.66 ± 1.21 17 TM 254 5.4 A.U. Sandstones 4.92 ± 1.04 7.74 ± 1.71 18 7.24 ± 0.38‡ (0.10) TM 266 9 A.U. Argil. sandst. 6.70 ± 1.27 7.14 ± 1.42 19 TM 266 8.6 A.U. Sandstones 7.07 ± 0.76 7.03 ± 0.61 20 TM 266 8 A.U. Sandstones 10.85 ± 1.46 6.19 ± 0.92 21 TM 266 7.8 A.U. Sandstones 7.32 ± 1.44 6.96 ± 1.44 22 6.83 ± 0.45‡ (0.22) TM 266 § 7.4 A.U. Sandstones — — — TM 266 6.7 A.U. Sandstones 8.47 ± 1.56 6.68 ± 1.30 23 TM 266 6.6 A.U. Sandstones 3.82 ± 0.81 8.24 ± 1.81 24 TM 266 6.5 A.U. Sandstones 12.47 ± 2.27 5.92 ± 1.14 25 TM 266 6.3 A.U. Argil. sandst. 6.72 ± 0.43 7.13 ± 0.64 26 TM 266 6.2 A.U. Sandstones 5.55 ± 1.32 7.51 ± 1.84 27 TM 266 6.1 A.U. Sandstones 6.36 ± 0.63 7.24 ± 0.84 28 TM 266 6 A.U. Sandstones 7.17 ± 1.10 7.00 ± 1.16 29 TM 266 5.8 A.U. Sandstones 6.25 ± 0.73 7.27 ± 0.96 30 TM 266 5.7 A.U. Sandstones 4.72 ± 0.80 7.82 ± 1.42 31 TM 266 5.4 A.U. Sandstones 6.55 ± 0.48 7.18 ± 0.69 32 7.12 ± 0.31‡ (0.22) -
The height baseline is the base of the TM 266 section. Below each group of samples is shown the mean age value calculated either with the weighed mean (†) or with the inverse-variance weighed mean (‡). KT, Koro Toro; KL, Kollé; KB, Kossom Bougoudi; TM, Toros-Menalla; Argil. sandst., Argillaceous sandstones; MSWD, mean square of weighted deviate; —, not applicable.
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*A. bahrelghazali.
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↵ § Sahelanthropus tchadensis.
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Cosmogenic nuclide dating of Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus bahrelghazali: Mio-Pliocene hominids from Chad
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