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Research Article

Two-phase increase in the maximum size of life over 3.5 billion years reflects biological innovation and environmental opportunity

Jonathan L. Payne, Alison G. Boyer, James H. Brown, Seth Finnegan, Michał Kowalewski, Richard A. Krause Jr., S. Kathleen Lyons, Craig R. McClain, Daniel W. McShea, Philip M. Novack-Gottshall, Felisa A. Smith, Jennifer A. Stempien, and Steve C. Wang
PNAS January 6, 2009 106 (1) 24-27; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806314106
Jonathan L. Payne
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  • For correspondence: jlpayne@stanford.edu
Alison G. Boyer
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James H. Brown
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Seth Finnegan
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Michał Kowalewski
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Richard A. Krause Jr.
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S. Kathleen Lyons
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Craig R. McClain
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Daniel W. McShea
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Philip M. Novack-Gottshall
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Felisa A. Smith
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Jennifer A. Stempien
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Steve C. Wang
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  1. Edited by James W. Valentine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved November 14, 2008 (received for review July 1, 2008)

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Article Information

vol. 106 no. 1 24-27
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0806314106
PubMed: 
19106296

Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Published in issue January 6, 2009.
  • Published first December 23, 2008.

Article Versions

  • Previous version (December 23, 2008 - 11:08).
  • You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

Author Information

  1. Jonathan L. Paynea,1,
  2. Alison G. Boyerb,
  3. James H. Brownb,
  4. Seth Finnegana,
  5. Michał Kowalewskic,
  6. Richard A. Krause, Jr.d,
  7. S. Kathleen Lyonse,
  8. Craig R. McClainf,
  9. Daniel W. McSheag,
  10. Philip M. Novack-Gottshallh,
  11. Felisa A. Smithb,
  12. Jennifer A. Stempieni, and
  13. Steve C. Wangj
  1. aDepartment of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Building 320, Stanford, CA 94305;
  2. bDepartment of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131;
  3. cDepartment of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
  4. dMuseum für Naturkunde der Humboldt–Universität zu Berlin, D-10115, Berlin, Germany;
  5. eDepartment of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560;
  6. fMonterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039;
  7. gDepartment of Biology, Box 90338, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708;
  8. hDepartment of Geosciences, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 30118;
  9. iDepartment of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309; and
  10. jDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081
  1. Edited by James W. Valentine, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved November 14, 2008 (received for review July 1, 2008)

Footnotes

  • 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jlpayne{at}stanford.edu
  • Author contributions: J.L.P., A.G.B., J.H.B., S.F., M.K., R.A.K., S.K.L., C.R.M., D.W.M., P.M.N.-G., F.A.S., J.A.S., and S.C.W. designed research, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0806314106/DCSupplemental.

  • Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

  • © 2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

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Article usage

Article usage: December 2008 to February 2021

AbstractFullPdf
Dec 200817640534
Total 200817640534
Jan 200992423771617
Feb 20092100277272
Mar 2009115892143
Apr 20093926481
May 20093294467
Jun 20092424162
Jul 20092603482
Aug 20092092454
Sep 20092034040
Oct 200921310376
Nov 20092279958
Dec 20091845457
Total 20091475912492609
Jan 20101938856
Feb 20101874245
Mar 20101594553
Apr 20101574959
May 20101472937
Jun 20101662842
Jul 20101473941
Aug 20101252132
Sep 201010511936
Oct 20101215145
Nov 20101425048
Dec 20101483951
Total 20101797600545
Jan 2011852228
Feb 201113233355
Mar 20111222955
Apr 2011834031
May 2011943167
Jun 2011502227
Jul 2011751545
Aug 2011702423
Sep 2011903936
Oct 20111254145
Nov 20111163443
Dec 2011872941
Total 20111129659496
Jan 2012902044
Feb 20121023647
Mar 20121052632
Apr 2012965040
May 2012833222
Jun 2012531923
Jul 2012524625
Aug 2012432619
Sep 2012552920
Oct 2012813017
Nov 2012683328
Dec 2012702227
Total 2012898369344
Jan 2013974022
Feb 2013803727
Mar 20131658443
Apr 20131032728
May 2013762530
Jun 2013562925
Jul 20134188
Aug 2013631515
Sep 2013742818
Oct 2013783222
Nov 2013655327
Dec 201343309
Total 2013941408274
Jan 2014694629
Feb 201410018617
Mar 20141645627
Apr 2014775215
May 2014884119
Jun 201458189
Jul 201459297
Aug 201485337
Sep 2014894122
Oct 2014632215
Nov 2014703532
Dec 2014412210
Total 2014963581209
Jan 2015571515
Feb 2015882825
Mar 2015818217
Apr 2015672522
May 2015571116
Jun 2015351915
Jul 2015492026
Aug 2015473123
Sep 2015503920
Oct 2015463012
Nov 2015673027
Dec 2015732934
Total 2015717359252
Jan 2016592130
Feb 2016542938
Mar 2016512323
Apr 2016553241
May 2016522532
Jun 20161476251
Jul 2016851736
Aug 2016471515
Sep 2016612518
Oct 2016742326
Nov 2016781832
Dec 2016713027
Total 2016834320369
Jan 2017781918
Feb 2017582917
Mar 20175214622
Apr 2017562719
May 2017623832
Jun 2017413016
Jul 2017412217
Aug 2017442414
Sep 2017513921
Oct 2017372322
Nov 2017561720
Dec 2017754142
Total 2017651455260
Jan 2018966829
Feb 201820016732
Mar 201821518033
Apr 201823920344
May 201818215952
Jun 201816215532
Jul 201818216934
Aug 201811510531
Sep 201816514147
Oct 20183812742
Nov 20181921337
Dec 2018155629
Total 201816281743442
Jan 2019144223
Feb 2019235125
Mar 2019225143
Apr 2019114833
May 2019175227
Jun 20191731325
Jul 2019167420
Aug 2019204534
Sep 2019345032
Oct 2019418044
Nov 2019156132
Dec 2019177926
Total 2019247946364
Jan 202086120
Feb 2020154612
Mar 2020225622
Apr 2020115930
May 2020118424
Jun 202054723
Jul 202064523
Aug 202052710
Sep 2020155541
Oct 2020296438
Nov 20202011743
Dec 20201768138
Total 2020164729424
Jan 2021186634
Feb 2021223836
Total 20214010470
Total2653285227192
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Two-phase increase in the maximum size of life over 3.5 billion years reflects biological innovation and environmental opportunity
Jonathan L. Payne, Alison G. Boyer, James H. Brown, Seth Finnegan, Michał Kowalewski, Richard A. Krause, S. Kathleen Lyons, Craig R. McClain, Daniel W. McShea, Philip M. Novack-Gottshall, Felisa A. Smith, Jennifer A. Stempien, Steve C. Wang
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2009, 106 (1) 24-27; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806314106

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Two-phase increase in the maximum size of life over 3.5 billion years reflects biological innovation and environmental opportunity
Jonathan L. Payne, Alison G. Boyer, James H. Brown, Seth Finnegan, Michał Kowalewski, Richard A. Krause, S. Kathleen Lyons, Craig R. McClain, Daniel W. McShea, Philip M. Novack-Gottshall, Felisa A. Smith, Jennifer A. Stempien, Steve C. Wang
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2009, 106 (1) 24-27; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806314106
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