Tetherless thermobiochemically actuated microgrippers

Timothy G. Leong; Christina L. Randall; Bryan R. Benson; Noy Bassik; George M. Stern; David H. Gracias

doi:10.1073/pnas.0807698106

New Research In

Edited by James R. Heath, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and accepted by the Editorial Board November 25, 2008 (received for review August 5, 2008)

Online Impact

Article Information

vol. 106 no. 3 703-708

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807698106

PubMed:

19139411

Published By:

National Academy of Sciences

Print ISSN:

0027-8424

Online ISSN:

1091-6490

History:

Published in issue January 20, 2009.
Published first January 12, 2009.

Article Versions

Previous version (January 12, 2009 - 13:15).
You are viewing the most recent version of this article.

Author Information

Timothy G. Leong^a,
Christina L. Randall^b,
Bryan R. Benson^a,
Noy Bassik^a,
George M. Stern^a and
David H. Gracias^a ^c ¹

Departments of ^aChemical and Biomolecular Engineering and
^cChemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218; and
^bDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21205

Edited by James R. Heath, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and accepted by the Editorial Board November 25, 2008 (received for review August 5, 2008)

Footnotes

¹To whom correspondence should be addressed at:
3400 North Charles Street, 125 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218.
E-mail: dgracias{at}jhu.edu
Author contributions: T.G.L., C.L.R., B.R.B., and D.H.G. designed research; T.G.L., C.L.R., B.R.B., and G.M.S. performed research; N.B. and G.M.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; T.G.L., C.L.R., N.B., G.M.S., and D.H.G. analyzed data; and T.G.L., C.L.R., B.R.B., N.B., G.M.S., and D.H.G. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. J.R.H. is a guest editor invited by the Editorial Board.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0807698106/DCSupplemental.

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Article usage: January 2009 to January 2021

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Jan 2009	6138	67	373
Feb 2009	816	17	66
Mar 2009	332	9	39
Apr 2009	302	18	31
May 2009	166	11	20
Jun 2009	217	12	52
Jul 2009	170	63	41
Aug 2009	112	14	21
Sep 2009	138	24	58
Oct 2009	101	31	26
Nov 2009	122	33	44
Dec 2009	91	24	37
Total 2009	8705	323	808
Jan 2010	206	21	34
Feb 2010	111	30	25
Mar 2010	91	43	38
Apr 2010	115	27	42
May 2010	81	34	39
Jun 2010	64	22	26
Jul 2010	72	47	32
Aug 2010	83	21	36
Sep 2010	76	35	27
Oct 2010	111	51	44
Nov 2010	87	37	30
Dec 2010	100	25	36
Total 2010	1197	393	409
Jan 2011	74	23	28
Feb 2011	76	19	24
Mar 2011	71	19	28
Apr 2011	63	17	27
May 2011	60	14	26
Jun 2011	40	13	13
Jul 2011	65	13	23
Aug 2011	83	13	19
Sep 2011	81	13	27
Oct 2011	125	13	28
Nov 2011	120	17	44
Dec 2011	87	9	24
Total 2011	945	183	311
Jan 2012	80	8	24
Feb 2012	73	9	22
Mar 2012	101	10	20
Apr 2012	111	19	22
May 2012	105	16	26
Jun 2012	85	17	17
Jul 2012	85	4	24
Aug 2012	88	14	22
Sep 2012	63	13	26
Oct 2012	85	13	30
Nov 2012	72	8	23
Dec 2012	85	9	21
Total 2012	1033	140	277
Jan 2013	60	7	13
Feb 2013	91	18	19
Mar 2013	119	14	21
Apr 2013	104	2	23
May 2013	74	3	22
Jun 2013	64	11	9
Jul 2013	74	4	6
Aug 2013	105	11	26
Sep 2013	89	9	13
Oct 2013	99	14	38
Nov 2013	69	16	14
Dec 2013	81	16	11
Total 2013	1029	125	215
Jan 2014	91	8	13
Feb 2014	68	17	22
Mar 2014	101	20	18
Apr 2014	140	11	15
May 2014	97	17	11
Jun 2014	113	14	28
Jul 2014	85	15	17
Aug 2014	66	24	21
Sep 2014	112	20	22
Oct 2014	135	34	22
Nov 2014	124	9	19
Dec 2014	105	19	18
Total 2014	1237	208	226
Jan 2015	103	13	26
Feb 2015	86	17	14
Mar 2015	121	20	24
Apr 2015	86	13	15
May 2015	76	13	38
Jun 2015	66	33	19
Jul 2015	79	18	23
Aug 2015	80	20	24
Sep 2015	52	5	12
Oct 2015	71	11	15
Nov 2015	78	22	34
Dec 2015	58	162	31
Total 2015	956	347	275
Jan 2016	67	131	22
Feb 2016	42	274	18
Mar 2016	117	167	36
Apr 2016	84	138	17
May 2016	104	71	31
Jun 2016	64	67	17
Jul 2016	81	60	26
Aug 2016	73	70	29
Sep 2016	80	58	39
Oct 2016	81	18	38
Nov 2016	92	34	28
Dec 2016	91	29	26
Total 2016	976	1117	327
Jan 2017	68	20	34
Feb 2017	67	15	22
Mar 2017	81	20	28
Apr 2017	78	11	29
May 2017	116	22	45
Jun 2017	77	18	28
Jul 2017	60	15	28
Aug 2017	129	19	63
Sep 2017	124	15	54
Oct 2017	90	110	43
Nov 2017	99	13	22
Dec 2017	85	6	38
Total 2017	1074	284	434
Jan 2018	82	20	28
Feb 2018	65	69	37
Mar 2018	72	60	45
Apr 2018	92	74	57
May 2018	92	68	60
Jun 2018	62	38	18
Jul 2018	84	48	38
Aug 2018	76	47	26
Sep 2018	73	52	20
Oct 2018	26	76	48
Nov 2018	18	117	40
Dec 2018	24	65	24
Total 2018	766	734	441
Jan 2019	16	53	23
Feb 2019	16	49	22
Mar 2019	27	61	41
Apr 2019	25	71	59
May 2019	20	50	22
Jun 2019	15	47	35
Jul 2019	20	94	40
Aug 2019	22	46	27
Sep 2019	16	58	21
Oct 2019	23	83	42
Nov 2019	18	62	23
Dec 2019	33	48	15
Total 2019	251	722	370
Jan 2020	17	54	19
Feb 2020	18	40	16
Mar 2020	11	45	28
Apr 2020	14	74	45
May 2020	24	87	42
Jun 2020	24	41	39
Jul 2020	16	35	24
Aug 2020	12	54	26
Sep 2020	36	76	53
Oct 2020	41	73	54
Nov 2020	36	74	36
Dec 2020	39	75	55
Total 2020	288	728	437
Jan 2021	15	50	42
Total 2021	15	50	42
Total	18472	5354	4572