Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions

Susan Solomon, Gian-Kasper Plattner, Reto Knutti, and Pierre Friedlingstein
PNAS February 10, 2009 106 (6) 1704-1709; first published January 28, 2009 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106

  1. Contributed by Susan Solomon, December 16, 2008 (received for review November 12, 2008)

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Article Information

vol. 106 no. 6 1704-1709
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812721106
PubMed: 
19179281
Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Received November 12, 2008
  • Published in issue February 10, 2009.
  • Published first January 28, 2009.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA Freely available online through the PNAS open access option.

Author Information

  1. Susan Solomona,1,
  2. Gian-Kasper Plattnerb,
  3. Reto Knuttic, and
  4. Pierre Friedlingsteind
  1. aChemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305;
  2. bInstitute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and
  3. cInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland; and
  4. dInstitut Pierre Simon Laplace/Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1572 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique–Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Université Versailles Saint-Quentin, Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique-Saclay, l'Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France

  1. Contributed by Susan Solomon, December 16, 2008 (received for review November 12, 2008)

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: susan.solomon{at}noaa.gov

  • Author contributions: S.S., G.-K.P., R.K., and P.F. designed research; S.S., G.-K.P., and R.K. performed research; G.-K.P. and R.K. analyzed data; and S.S., G.-K.P., R.K., and P.F. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/0812721106/DCSupplemental.

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Article usage

Article usage: January 2009 to July 2019

AbstractFullPdf
Jan 2009440302668
Feb 2009153206976802
Mar 2009104196882645
Apr 200956675021288
May 20092255275797
Jun 20091303172587
Jul 20091087217502
Aug 2009880165465
Sep 200914853281006
Oct 20091458525893
Nov 200914907631110
Dec 20091634667913
Total 200947401499919676
Jan 20102000521731
Feb 20101168511745
Mar 2010923657464
Apr 2010713901611
May 20101039517408
Jun 2010513371275
Jul 2010404210347
Aug 2010477141266
Sep 2010476588300
Oct 2010555737546
Nov 2010548794673
Dec 2010991477495
Total 2010980764255861
Jan 20111138586489
Feb 2011932974536
Mar 20112120647625
Apr 20111830431554
May 2011956370538
Jun 2011804308547
Jul 2011733254443
Aug 2011730263363
Sep 20111018605524
Oct 20111255576704
Nov 20111398766726
Dec 20111060429488
Total 20111397462096537
Jan 20121003524478
Feb 20121293552598
Mar 20121354564691
Apr 20121368631714
May 20121347456512
Jun 2012878423434
Jul 20121020276440
Aug 20121051291378
Sep 20121041570513
Oct 20121425462773
Nov 20121624683768
Dec 20121448594792
Total 20121485260267091
Jan 20131244475941
Feb 20131324888579
Mar 201316727261024
Apr 201317949201018
May 201311636033950
Jun 20131477334399
Jul 2013983304306
Aug 2013975323319
Sep 20131246870427
Oct 20131446712533
Nov 20131635720601
Dec 20131140599393
Total 201316099747410490
Jan 2014937564344
Feb 201411701062717
Mar 20141692997519
Apr 20141365903442
May 20141129794448
Jun 2014895532279
Jul 2014860427328
Aug 2014654427257
Sep 20141223966294
Oct 201413951074396
Nov 201417171329474
Dec 20141203780378
Total 20141424098554876
Jan 20151239702356
Feb 201513681168358
Mar 201517481444520
Apr 201516831407598
May 201517561503458
Jun 2015870724384
Jul 2015808660287
Aug 2015837867346
Sep 201515241192556
Oct 2015207618881813
Nov 201520011625895
Dec 201515361292753
Total 201517446144727324
Jan 201611711339617
Feb 201625132002933
Mar 201630612128900
Apr 201628822245793
May 201621671522805
Jun 201612731084512
Jul 20161367770643
Aug 201616151076601
Sep 201623791616831
Oct 2016340425581008
Nov 2016428434561376
Dec 2016254322531130
Total 2016286592204910149
Jan 2017226815721192
Feb 2017254019791140
Mar 2017381528661260
Apr 2017349829931326
May 201726022024975
Jun 201719272019896
Jul 201715451235870
Aug 2017190011081019
Sep 2017272016931093
Oct 2017363426271377
Nov 2017391328851213
Dec 2017255121641075
Total 2017329132516513436
Jan 2018258516121185
Feb 201827811335750
Mar 2018328112521048
Apr 2018308610661005
May 20182404946761
Jun 20181707758461
Jul 201818821164649
Aug 201821011118889
Sep 20182115844906
Oct 2018184410771369
Nov 2018157019191492
Dec 2018105822411046
Total 2018264141533211561
Jan 20198961711752
Feb 20194971900748
Mar 20192172998730
Apr 20191623247757
May 2019683141630
Jun 2019421717463
Jul 2019349829287
Total 20192231155434367
Total224036133549101368
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