Muons penetrate much further than X-rays, they do essentially zero damage, and they are provided for free by the cosmos.
Image credit: Science Source/Digital Globe.
Communicated by Philip H. Bucksbaum, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, February 16, 2010 (received for review August 12, 2009)
Online Impact
Article Information
PubMed:
Published By:
Print ISSN:
Online ISSN:
History:
- Published in issue May 18, 2010.
- Published first May 10, 2010.
Article Versions
- Previous version (May 10, 2010 - 11:43).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Author Information
- U. Bergmanna,
- R. W. Mortonb,
- P. L. Manningc,d,
- W. I. Sellerse,
- S. Farrarf,
- K. G. Huntleyb,
- R. A. Wogeliusc,g,1, and
- P. Larsonc,f
- aStanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, CA 94025;
- bChildren of the Middle Waters Institute, Bartlesville, OK, 74003;
- cSchool of Earth, Atmospheric, and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom;
- dDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104;
- eFaculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom;
- fBlack Hills Institute of Geological Research, Inc., Hill City, SD, 57745; and
- gWilliamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
Communicated by Philip H. Bucksbaum, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA, February 16, 2010 (received for review August 12, 2009)
Footnotes
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Roy.wogelius{at}manchester.ac.uk.
Author contributions: U.B. and P.L. designed research; U.B., R.W.M., P.L.M., W.I.S., S.F., K.G.H., R.A.W., and P.L. performed research; U.B. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; U.B., W.I.S., and R.A.W. analyzed data; and U.B., R.W.M., P.L.M., W.I.S., S.F., K.G.H., R.A.W., and P.L. wrote the paper. U.B. supervised the synchrotron analyses; R.W.M. originally conceived the imaging of fossils and the Archaeopteryx via SRS-XRF at SSRL and coordinated the research project between SSRL and the Black Hills Institute; S.F. assisted in cell design; K.G.H. provided image processing; and P.L. conceived of analyzing Archaeopteryx via SRS-XRF and provided specimen access and curator expertise.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/1001569107/DCSupplemental.
Cited By...
Article usage
Archaeopteryx feathers and bone chemistry fully revealed via synchrotron imaging
Sign up for Article Alerts
Jump to section
You May Also be Interested in
Researchers are exploring whether these ubiquitous fluorinated molecules might worsen infections or hamper vaccine effectiveness.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Dmitry Naumov.
One protein seems to play a key role in touch sensitivity for flytraps and other meat-eating plants.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Kuttelvaserova Stuchelova.
Adam Mastroianni and Daniel Gilbert explore why conversations almost never end when people want them to.
A study finds that giant pandas roll in horse manure to increase their cold tolerance.
Image credit: Fuwen Wei.