Recent warming by latitude associated with increased length of ragweed pollen season in central North America

Lewis Ziska; Kim Knowlton; Christine Rogers; Dan Dalan; Nicole Tierney; Mary Ann Elder; Warren Filley; Jeanne Shropshire; Linda B. Ford; Curtis Hedberg; Pamela Fleetwood; Kim T. Hovanky; Tony Kavanaugh; George Fulford; Rose F. Vrtis; Jonathan A. Patz; Jay Portnoy; Frances Coates; Leonard Bielory; David Frenz

doi:10.1073/pnas.1014107108

New Research In

Edited by Christopher B. Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, and approved January 20, 2011 (received for review September 23, 2010)

Online Impact

Article Information

vol. 108 no. 10 4248-4251

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1014107108

PubMed:

21368130

Published By:

National Academy of Sciences

Print ISSN:

0027-8424

Online ISSN:

1091-6490

History:

Published in issue March 8, 2011.
Published first February 22, 2011.

Author Information

Lewis Ziska^a,¹,
Kim Knowlton^b,
Christine Rogers^c,
Dan Dalan^d,
Nicole Tierney^e,
Mary Ann Elder^e,
Warren Filley^f,
Jeanne Shropshire^f,
Linda B. Ford^g,
Curtis Hedberg^h,
Pamela Fleetwood^h,
Kim T. Hovankyⁱ,
Tony Kavanaugh^j,
George Fulford^j,
Rose F. Vrtis^k,
Jonathan A. Patz^k,
Jay Portnoy^l,
Frances Coates^m,
Leonard Bieloryⁿ, and
David Frenz^o

^aCrop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705;
^bHealth and Environment Program, Natural Resources Defense Council, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032;
^cEnvironmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003;
^dAllergy and Asthma Care Center, Fargo, ND 58103;
^eAllergy and Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, MN 55402;
^fOklahoma Allergy and Asthma Clinic, Oklahoma City, OK 73104;
^gAsthma and Allergy Center, Omaha, NE 68123;
^hHedberg Allergy and Asthma Center, Rogers, AR 72758;
ⁱAllergy and Asthma Center of Georgetown, Georgetown, TX 78628;
^jAllergy Associates, La Crosse, WI 54602;
^kNelson Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706;
^lSection of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospital, University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64108;
^mAerobiology Research Laboratories, Nepean, ON, Canada K2E 7Y5;
ⁿCenter for Environmental Prediction, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901; and
^oHealthEast Care System, St. Paul, MN 55102

Edited by Christopher B. Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, and approved January 20, 2011 (received for review September 23, 2010)

¹To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: l.ziska{at}ars.usda.gov.

Footnotes

Author contributions: L.Z. designed research; L.Z. performed research; L.Z., K.K., C.R., D.D., N.T., M.A.E., W.F., J.S., L.B.F., C.H., P.F., K.T.H., T.K., G.F., R.F.V., J.A.P., J.P., F.C., L.B., and D.F. analyzed data; and L.Z. and K.K. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1014107108/-/DCSupplemental.

Cited By...

Article usage

Article usage: February 2011 to January 2021

	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Feb 2011	1762	0	126
Mar 2011	4085	93	370
Apr 2011	1196	49	100
May 2011	547	20	68
Jun 2011	255	28	43
Jul 2011	214	19	31
Aug 2011	326	25	46
Sep 2011	296	30	80
Oct 2011	206	49	68
Nov 2011	125	31	49
Dec 2011	143	53	56
Total 2011	9155	397	1037
Jan 2012	119	34	42
Feb 2012	139	29	37
Mar 2012	278	70	65
Apr 2012	215	77	52
May 2012	214	51	47
Jun 2012	90	32	39
Jul 2012	95	34	26
Aug 2012	149	31	48
Sep 2012	118	25	36
Oct 2012	125	17	23
Nov 2012	162	20	33
Dec 2012	111	20	52
Total 2012	1815	440	500
Jan 2013	179	31	38
Feb 2013	102	60	45
Mar 2013	228	85	42
Apr 2013	192	126	45
May 2013	119	46	67
Jun 2013	80	31	44
Jul 2013	64	65	31
Aug 2013	65	45	29
Sep 2013	108	37	42
Oct 2013	92	111	32
Nov 2013	86	43	48
Dec 2013	72	114	65
Total 2013	1387	794	528
Jan 2014	89	45	53
Feb 2014	66	53	823
Mar 2014	127	60	158
Apr 2014	93	55	88
May 2014	136	57	60
Jun 2014	76	37	21
Jul 2014	108	40	37
Aug 2014	80	63	27
Sep 2014	230	52	41
Oct 2014	153	76	35
Nov 2014	104	81	44
Dec 2014	78	102	55
Total 2014	1340	721	1442
Jan 2015	151	58	38
Feb 2015	90	44	19
Mar 2015	130	61	28
Apr 2015	142	81	41
May 2015	271	46	41
Jun 2015	87	65	36
Jul 2015	104	58	26
Aug 2015	92	58	31
Sep 2015	106	60	29
Oct 2015	101	60	64
Nov 2015	130	82	46
Dec 2015	103	25	51
Total 2015	1507	698	450
Jan 2016	93	39	54
Feb 2016	108	28	55
Mar 2016	269	88	45
Apr 2016	222	76	59
May 2016	92	73	36
Jun 2016	92	85	46
Jul 2016	136	147	35
Aug 2016	129	51	22
Sep 2016	138	78	38
Oct 2016	151	49	36
Nov 2016	164	51	20
Dec 2016	171	31	41
Total 2016	1765	796	487
Jan 2017	144	30	32
Feb 2017	185	81	44
Mar 2017	153	86	330
Apr 2017	122	51	28
May 2017	100	44	43
Jun 2017	105	63	32
Jul 2017	108	57	45
Aug 2017	115	38	115
Sep 2017	155	207	246
Oct 2017	151	50	125
Nov 2017	136	50	34
Dec 2017	98	49	66
Total 2017	1572	806	1140
Jan 2018	92	60	38
Feb 2018	144	197	38
Mar 2018	166	139	33
Apr 2018	289	272	39
May 2018	263	225	41
Jun 2018	183	186	12
Jul 2018	162	183	23
Aug 2018	105	135	31
Sep 2018	140	156	21
Oct 2018	44	241	35
Nov 2018	25	226	46
Dec 2018	20	601	24
Total 2018	1633	2621	381
Jan 2019	18	364	34
Feb 2019	33	273	76
Mar 2019	38	119	23
Apr 2019	43	140	44
May 2019	30	187	27
Jun 2019	16	155	26
Jul 2019	14	146	33
Aug 2019	25	541	171
Sep 2019	18	199	25
Oct 2019	32	281	38
Nov 2019	19	112	25
Dec 2019	34	116	27
Total 2019	320	2633	549
Jan 2020	32	171	23
Feb 2020	41	178	24
Mar 2020	35	163	29
Apr 2020	27	174	33
May 2020	35	193	37
Jun 2020	17	143	20
Jul 2020	11	125	18
Aug 2020	22	141	33
Sep 2020	20	127	29
Oct 2020	32	127	46
Nov 2020	28	123	103
Dec 2020	23	112	18
Total 2020	323	1777	413
Jan 2021	14	51	25
Total 2021	14	51	25
Total	20831	11734	6952