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Edited by H. Eugene Stanley, Boston University, Boston, MA, and approved May 25, 2011 (received for review November 8, 2010)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Thermal properties prior, during, and after pressure collapse of hexagonal ice, ice Ih. (A) Heat capacity per unit volume and (B) thermal conductivity on isothermal pressurization at (129 ± 1) K. The squares and circles show results for two different runs, which agree to within 2% outside the collapse range.
- Fig. 2.
Relaxation behavior, reversible glass transition, and crystallization. (A) Excess sample temperature, which was obtained by subtracting a function fitted to measured data for temperature vs. time below 140 K and above 165 K, during heating at 1 GPa. (B) Thermal conductivity during heating from 100 to 148 K, cooling from 148 to 100 K, and reheating to 175 K at 1 GPa. On the first heating to 148 K, the collapsed ice relaxes and apparently transforms to ultraviscous high-density liquid water at 140 K, which vitrifies on cooling. The squares and circles show results for two different runs. The increase in κ at approximately 153 K is due to sluggish crystallization.
- Fig. 3.
Glass transition on heating at 1 GPa. (A) Heat capacity per unit volume of glassy water, its kinetically unfrozen state and crystallized ice (line on cooling) at 1 GPa. The squares and circles show results for two different HDA samples on heating. (In one of the runs the sample was heated only to 146 K and then cooled.) (B) Excess molar heat capacity plotted against temperature at 1 GPa. Results on heating after the sample had been pretreated by heating to 148 K at 0.4 K min-1 and cooled to 100 K at 0.3 K min-1. At these heating and cooling rates, HDA slowly annealed to its ultimate high-density state, which has a Tg of approximately 140 K measured on a 1 s time scale.
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Glass–liquid transition of water at high pressure
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