Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Anthropology

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    Demography and ecology drive variation in cooperation across human populations

    Shakti Lamba and Ruth Mace

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14426-14430; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105186108

• Applied Biological Sciences

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    Age-related changes in the plasticity and toughness of human cortical bone at multiple length scales

    Elizabeth A. Zimmermann, Eric Schaible, Hrishikesh Bale, Holly D. Barth, Simon Y. Tang, Peter Reichert, Bjoern Busse, Tamara Alliston, Joel W. Ager III, and Robert O. Ritchie

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14416-14421; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107966108

• Biochemistry

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    Flexibility of the C-terminal, or CII, ring of KaiC governs the rhythm of the circadian clock of cyanobacteria

    • From the Cover

    Yong-Gang Chang, Nai-Wei Kuo, Roger Tseng, and Andy LiWang

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14431-14436; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104221108

    See companion article:

    • Dynamic fluctuations lubricate the circadian clock

      - Aug 23, 2011
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    Nucleotide pyrophosphatase employs a P-loop-like motif to enhance catalytic power and NDP/NTP discrimination

    Ildikó Pécsi, Judit E. Szabó, Scott D. Adams, István Simon, James R. Sellers, Beáta G. Vértessy, and Judit Tóth

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14437-14442; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013872108
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    Structural basis of simultaneous recruitment of the transcriptional regulators LMO2 and FOG1/ZFPM1 by the transcription factor GATA1

    Lorna Wilkinson-White, Roland Gamsjaeger, Siavoush Dastmalchi, Beeke Wienert, Philippa H. Stokes, Merlin Crossley, Joel P. Mackay, and Jacqueline M. Matthews

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14443-14448; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105898108
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    WAVE regulatory complex activation by cooperating GTPases Arf and Rac1

    Vassilis Koronakis, Peter J. Hume, Daniel Humphreys, Tao Liu, Ole Hørning, Ole N. Jensen, and Emma J. McGhie

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14449-14454; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107666108
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    Site-specific and redox-controlled S-nitrosation of thioredoxin

    Katherine T. Barglow, Charles G. Knutson, John S. Wishnok, Steven R. Tannenbaum, and Michael A. Marletta

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) E600-E606; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110736108

• Biophysics and Computational Biology

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    Free radical functionalization of surfaces to prevent adverse responses to biomedical devices

    Marcela M. M. Bilek, Daniel V. Bax, Alexey Kondyurin, Yongbai Yin, Neil J. Nosworthy, Keith Fisher, Anna Waterhouse, Anthony S. Weiss, Cristobal G. dos Remedios, and David R. McKenzie

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14405-14410; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103277108
  • Open Access

    Remarkable patterns of surface water ordering around polarized buckminsterfullerene

    Gaurav Chopra and Michael Levitt

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14455-14460; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110626108
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    Protons migrate along interfacial water without significant contributions from jumps between ionizable groups on the membrane surface

    Andreas Springer, Volker Hagen, Dmitry A. Cherepanov, Yuri N. Antonenko, and Peter Pohl

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14461-14466; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107476108
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    Temporary increase in plasma membrane tension coordinates the activation of exocytosis and contraction during cell spreading

    • From the Cover

    Nils C. Gauthier, Marc Antoine Fardin, Pere Roca-Cusachs, and Michael P. Sheetz

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14467-14472; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105845108

    See companion article:

    • Membrane tension leads the way

      - Aug 23, 2011

• Cell Biology

  • Open Access

    Augmin promotes meiotic spindle formation and bipolarity in Xenopus egg extracts

    Sabine Petry, Céline Pugieux, François J. Nédélec, and Ronald D. Vale

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14473-14478; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110412108
  • Open Access

    Reconstruction of human elastic cartilage by a CD44⁺ CD90⁺ stem cell in the ear perichondrium

    Shinji Kobayashi, Takanori Takebe, Midori Inui, Sayaka Iwai, Hiroomi Kan, Yun-Wen Zheng, Jiro Maegawa, and Hideki Taniguchi

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14479-14484; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109767108
  • Open Access

    Parallel adaptive feedback enhances reliability of the Ca²⁺ signaling system

    Ellen Abell, Robert Ahrends, Samuel Bandara, Byung Ouk Park, and Mary N. Teruel

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14485-14490; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1018266108
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    Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide modulate DNA repair through ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein

    Leo E. Otterbein, Andreas Hedblom, Clair Harris, Eva Csizmadia, David Gallo, and Barbara Wegiel

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14491-14496; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102295108
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    OCT4 establishes and maintains nucleosome-depleted regions that provide additional layers of epigenetic regulation of its target genes

    Jueng Soo You, Theresa K. Kelly, Daniel D. De Carvalho, Phillippa C. Taberlay, Gangning Liang, and Peter A. Jones

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14497-14502; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111309108
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    Fusion-activated Ca²⁺ entry via vesicular P2X₄ receptors promotes fusion pore opening and exocytotic content release in pneumocytes

    Pika Miklavc, Norbert Mair, Oliver H. Wittekindt, Thomas Haller, Paul Dietl, Edward Felder, Melanie Timmler, and Manfred Frick

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14503-14508; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1101039108
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    PI3K/Akt signaling requires spatial compartmentalization in plasma membrane microdomains

    Xinxin Gao, Pamela R. Lowry, Xin Zhou, Charlene Depry, Zhikui Wei, G. William Wong, and Jin Zhang

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14509-14514; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019386108

• Ecology

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    Divergent ecosystem responses within a benthic marine community to ocean acidification

    Kristy J. Kroeker, Fiorenza Micheli, Maria Cristina Gambi, and Todd R. Martz

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14515-14520; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107789108
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    Reconstruction of a 1,910-y-long locust series reveals consistent associations with climate fluctuations in China

    Huidong Tian, Leif C. Stige, Bernard Cazelles, Kyrre Linne Kausrud, Rune Svarverud, Nils C. Stenseth, and Zhibin Zhang

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14521-14526; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1100189108

• Environmental Sciences

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    Dynamics of the plague–wildlife–human system in Central Asia are controlled by two epidemiological thresholds

    Noelle I. Samia, Kyrre Linné Kausrud, Hans Heesterbeek, Vladimir Ageyev, Mike Begon, Kung-Sik Chan, and Nils C. Stenseth

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14527-14532; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1015946108

• Evolution

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    Eocene habitat shift from saline to freshwater promoted Tethyan amphipod diversification

    Zhonge Hou, Boris Sket, Cene Fišer, and Shuqiang Li

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14533-14538; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104636108
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    Microbe domestication and the identification of the wild genetic stock of lager-brewing yeast

    • From the Cover

    Diego Libkind, Chris Todd Hittinger, Elisabete Valério, Carla Gonçalves, Jim Dover, Mark Johnston, Paula Gonçalves, and José Paulo Sampaio

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14539-14544; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105430108
  • Open Access

    Cranial asymmetry in Eocene archaeocete whales and the evolution of directional hearing in water

    Julia M. Fahlke, Philip D. Gingerich, Robert C. Welsh, and Aaron R. Wood

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14545-14548; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108927108
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    Low-frequency songs lose their potency in noisy urban conditions

    Wouter Halfwerk, Sander Bot, Jasper Buikx, Marco van der Velde, Jan Komdeur, Carel ten Cate, and Hans Slabbekoorn

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14549-14554; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109091108
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    Phylogenetic rate shifts in feeding time during the evolution of Homo

    Chris Organ, Charles L. Nunn, Zarin Machanda, and Richard W. Wrangham

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14555-14559; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107806108

• Genetics

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    Regenerative phenotype in mice with a point mutation in transforming growth factor β type I receptor (TGFBR1)

    Jun Liu, Kristen Johnson, Jie Li, Victoria Piamonte, Brian M. Steffy, Mindy H. Hsieh, Nicholas Ng, Jay Zhang, John R. Walker, Sheng Ding, Ken Muneoka, Xu Wu, Richard Glynne, and Peter G. Schultz

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14560-14565; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111056108
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    Ten-Eleven-Translocation 2 (TET2) negatively regulates homeostasis and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in mice

    Myunggon Ko, Hozefa S. Bandukwala, Jungeun An, Edward D. Lamperti, Elizabeth C. Thompson, Ryan Hastie, Angeliki Tsangaratou, Klaus Rajewsky, Sergei B. Koralov, and Anjana Rao

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14566-14571; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112317108
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    Palmitoylation controls the dynamics of budding-yeast heterochromatin via the telomere-binding protein Rif1

    Sookhee Park, Erin E. Patterson, Jenel Cobb, Anjon Audhya, Marc R. Gartenberg, and Catherine A. Fox

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14572-14577; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105262108
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    Increased expression of multifunctional serine protease, HTRA1, in retinal pigment epithelium induces polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in mice

    Alex Jones, Sandeep Kumar, Ning Zhang, Zongzhong Tong, Jia-Hui Yang, Carl Watt, James Anderson, Amrita, Heather Fillerup, Manabu McCloskey, Ling Luo, Zhenglin Yang, Balamurali Ambati, Robert Marc, Chio Oka, Kang Zhang, and Yingbin Fu

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14578-14583; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102853108

• Immunology

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    Mobilization of natural killer cells inhibits development of collagen-induced arthritis

    Jianmei W. Leavenworth, Xiaoyang Wang, Carola Schellack Wenander, Pieter Spee, and Harvey Cantor

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14584-14589; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1112188108
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    Mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAM) form innate immune synapses and are targeted by hepatitis C virus

    Stacy M. Horner, Helene Minyi Liu, Hae Soo Park, Jessica Briley, and Michael Gale Jr.

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14590-14595; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110133108
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    Malt1-dependent RelB cleavage promotes canonical NF-κB activation in lymphocytes and lymphoma cell lines

    Stephan Hailfinger, Hendrik Nogai, Christiane Pelzer, Maike Jaworski, Katrin Cabalzar, Jean-Enno Charton, Montserrat Guzzardi, Chantal Décaillet, Michael Grau, Bernd Dörken, Peter Lenz, Georg Lenz, and Margot Thome

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14596-14601; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105020108
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    Quantitative impact of thymic selection on Foxp3⁺ and Foxp3⁻ subsets of self-peptide/MHC class II-specific CD4⁺ T cells

    James J. Moon, Pradyot Dash, Thomas H. Oguin III, Jennifer L. McClaren, H. Hamlet Chu, Paul G. Thomas, and Marc K. Jenkins

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14602-14607; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109806108

• Medical Sciences

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    Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) regulates skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin signaling via altered mitochondrial oxidation and reactive oxygen species production

    Enxuan Jing, Brice Emanuelli, Matthew D. Hirschey, Jeremie Boucher, Kevin Y. Lee, David Lombard, Eric M. Verdin, and C. Ronald Kahn

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14608-14613; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111308108
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    Vascular cell-adhesion molecule-1 plays a central role in the proangiogenic effects of oxidative stress

    Aling Dong, Jikui Shen, MingBing Zeng, and Peter A. Campochiaro

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14614-14619; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1012859108
  • Open Access

    Preclinical evaluation and validation of [¹⁸F]HX4, a promising hypoxia marker for PET imaging

    Ludwig J. Dubois, Natasja G. Lieuwes, Marco H. M. Janssen, Wenny J. M. Peeters, Albert D. Windhorst, Joseph C. Walsh, Hartmuth C. Kolb, Michel C. Öllers, Johan Bussink, Guus A. M. S. van Dongen, Albert van der Kogel, and Philippe Lambin

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14620-14625; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1102526108
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    Optical imaging of breast cancer oxyhemoglobin flare correlates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy response one day after starting treatment

    Darren Roblyer, Shigeto Ueda, Albert Cerussi, Wendy Tanamai, Amanda Durkin, Rita Mehta, David Hsiang, John A. Butler, Christine McLaren, Wen-Pin Chen, and Bruce Tromberg

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14626-14631; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013103108

• Microbiology

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    U_S3 protein kinase of HSV-1 cycles between the cytoplasm and nucleus and interacts with programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) to block apoptosis

    Xiaojia Wang, Caroline Patenode, and Bernard Roizman

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14632-14636; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111942108
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    Bacterial community comparisons by taxonomy-supervised analysis independent of sequence alignment and clustering

    Woo Jun Sul, James R. Cole, Ederson da C. Jesus, Qiong Wang, Ryan J. Farris, Jordan A. Fish, and James M. Tiedje

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14637-14642; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111435108
  • Open Access

    Conjugative DNA transfer into human cells by the VirB/VirD4 type IV secretion system of the bacterial pathogen Bartonella henselae

    Gunnar Schröder, Ralf Schuelein, Maxime Quebatte, and Christoph Dehio

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14643-14648; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019074108
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    Conservation of the C-type lectin fold for massive sequence variation in a Treponema diversity-generating retroelement

    Johanne Le Coq and Partho Ghosh

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14649-14653; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105613108

• Neuroscience

  • Open Access

    A stable hippocampal representation of a space requires its direct experience

    David C. Rowland, Yelizaveta Yanovich, and Clifford G. Kentros

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14654-14658; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105445108
  • Open Access

    Slow intrinsic rhythm in the koniocellular visual pathway

    Soon Keen Cheong, Chris Tailby, Paul R. Martin, Jonathan B. Levitt, and Samuel G. Solomon

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14659-14663; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1108004108
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    Cellular correlate of assembly formation in oscillating hippocampal networks in vitro

    Florian Bähner, Elisa K. Weiss, Gunnar Birke, Nikolaus Maier, Dietmar Schmitz, Uwe Rudolph, Michael Frotscher, Roger D. Traub, Martin Both, and Andreas Draguhn

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) E607-E616; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1103546108
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    C terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP)-mediated degradation of hippocampal estrogen receptor-α and the critical period hypothesis of estrogen neuroprotection

    • From the Cover

    Quan-guang Zhang, Dong Han, Rui-min Wang, Yan Dong, Fang Yang, Ratna K. Vadlamudi, and Darrell W. Brann

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) E617-E624; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104391108

    See companion article:

    • A mechanism emerges for the critical period hypothesis for estrogen treatment

      - Aug 19, 2011

• Physiology

  • Open Access

    Control of body size by oxygen supply reveals size-dependent and size-independent mechanisms of molting and metamorphosis

    Viviane Callier and H. Frederik Nijhout

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14664-14669; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106556108
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    Subcutaneous administration of leptin normalizes fasting plasma glucose in obese type 2 diabetic UCD-T2DM rats

    Bethany P. Cummings, Ahmed Bettaieb, James L. Graham, Kimber L. Stanhope, Riva Dill, Gregory J. Morton, Fawaz G. Haj, and Peter J. Havel

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14670-14675; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1107163108

• Plant Biology

  • Open Access

    Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1)-mediated cereal stem rust resistance

    Jayaveeramuthu Nirmala, Tom Drader, Paulraj K. Lawrence, Chuntao Yin, Scot Hulbert, Camille M. Steber, Brian J. Steffenson, Les J. Szabo, Diter von Wettstein, and Andris Kleinhofs

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14676-14681; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1111771108
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    Phosphatidylinositol monophosphate-binding interface in the oomycete RXLR effector AVR3a is required for its stability in host cells to modulate plant immunity

    • From the Cover

    Takashi Yaeno, Hua Li, Angela Chaparro-Garcia, Sebastian Schornack, Seizo Koshiba, Satoru Watanabe, Takanori Kigawa, Sophien Kamoun, and Ken Shirasu

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14682-14687; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1106002108

    See companion article:

    • Showdown at the RXLR motif: Serious differences of opinion in how effector proteins from filamentous eukaryotic pathogens enter plant cells

      - Aug 19, 2011
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    Isoleucine 309 acts as a C₄ catalytic switch that increases ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) carboxylation rate in Flaveria

    Spencer M. Whitney, Robert E. Sharwood, Douglas Orr, Sarah J. White, Hernan Alonso, and Jeroni Galmés

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14688-14693; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1109503108
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    Stability of plant immune-receptor resistance proteins is controlled by SKP1-CULLIN1-F-box (SCF)-mediated protein degradation

    Yu Ti Cheng, Yingzhong Li, Shuai Huang, Yan Huang, Xinnian Dong, Yuelin Zhang, and Xin Li

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14694-14699; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1105685108

• Population Biology

  • Open Access

    Eco-evolutionary spatial dynamics in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

    • Inaugural Article

    Ilkka A. Hanski

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14397-14404; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1110020108

    See companion article:

    • Profile of Ilkka A. Hanski

      - Nov 21, 2011

• Sustainability Science

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    Effects of parasites from salmon farms on productivity of wild salmon

    Martin Krkošek, Brendan M. Connors, Alexandra Morton, Mark A. Lewis, Lawrence M. Dill, and Ray Hilborn

    PNAS August 30, 2011 108 (35) 14700-14704; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1101845108