Research Article

Arabidopsis synchronizes jasmonate-mediated defense with insect circadian behavior

Danielle Goodspeed, E. Wassim Chehab, Amelia Min-Venditti, Janet Braam, and Michael F. Covington
PNAS March 20, 2012 109 (12) 4674-4677; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116368109

  1. Edited by C. Robertson McClung, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, and accepted by the Editorial Board January 11, 2012 (received for review October 5, 2011)

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  • Fig. 1.
    Fig. 1.

    Arabidopsis is more resistant to herbivory when entrained in-phase rather than out-of-phase with T. ni looper entrainment. (A) Light/dark cycle entrainment scheme and experimental protocol. Rectangles symbolize 12-h periods of light (open), darkness (filled), darkness representing subjective day (light gray), and darkness representing subjective night (dark gray). The two arrows represent timing of T. ni looper addition and looper removal, respectively. Double vertical bars symbolize the shift from light/dark cycles to constant darkness. (B) Photographs of representative plant tissue remaining from plants entrained in-phase and out-of-phase with looper entrainment after 72 h of plant–T. ni coincubation. (C) Area of plant tissue remaining from plants entrained in-phase (white bars) and out-of-phase (filled bars) with T. ni entrainment after 72 h of incubation without (control) or with T. ni loopers (looper). Mean area ± SE; n = 6; *P < 0.0002; two-tailed paired t test. (D) Looper wet weights. Mean ± SE; n = 15; *P < 0.05; two-tailed paired t test. (E) Representative loopers at 72 h postcoincubation. (Scale bar, 0.5 mm.)

  • Fig. 2.
    Fig. 2.

    T. ni feeding is circadian-regulated, with enhanced eating during subjective day. T. ni entrained in 12-h light/dark cycles were provided food under (A) light/dark or (B) constant dark conditions. Diet weight lost as a result of looper feeding after each 4-h interval is graphed. Graphed values were determined by calculating the difference of diet weight before and after incubation with loopers and, to account for evaporative weight loss, subtracting the weight difference of comparable diet samples before and after incubation without loopers for the same 4-h interval under similar conditions. Fresh diet was given every 4 h. Mean ± SE; n = 3.

  • Fig. 3.
    Fig. 3.

    Arrhythmic Arabidopsis plants lack enhanced herbivory resistance when entrained in-phase with T. ni loopers. (A) Photographs of representative plant tissue remaining from CCA1-OX and lux2 entrained in-phase and out-of-phase with T. ni entrainment after 72 h of plant–T. ni coincubation. (B) Area of plant tissue remaining from plants entrained in-phase (white bars) and out-of-phase (filled bars) with T. ni entrainment after 72 h of incubation without (control) or with T. ni (looper). Mean area ± SE; n = 6; P < 0.8; two-tailed paired t test. (C) Wet weights of T. ni fed on in-phase (open bars) or out-of-phase (filled bars) plants. Mean ± SE; n = 15; P < 0.05; two-tailed paired t test. (D) Representative T. ni loopers at 72 h postcoincubation. (Scale bars, 0.5 mm.)

  • Fig. 4.
    Fig. 4.

    Jasmonates are required for enhanced herbivory resistance when entrained in-phase with T. ni loopers, and jasmonates and salicylate accumulation patterns show circadian rhythms with opposite phasing. (A) Photographs of representative plant tissue remaining from gl-1, aos, and jar1 entrained in-phase and out-of-phase with T. ni entrainment after 72 h of plant–T. ni coincubation. (B) Area of plant tissue remaining from plants entrained in-phase (white bars) and out-of-phase (filled bars) with T. ni entrainment after 72 h of incubation without (control) or with T. ni (looper). Mean area ± SE; n = 6; *P < 0.0002; two-tailed paired t test. (C) Wet weights of T. ni fed on in-phase (open bars) or out-of-phase (filled bars) plants. Mean ± SE; n = 15; *P < 0.05; two-tailed paired t test. (D) Representative T. ni loopers at 72 h postcoincubation. (Scale bars, 0.5 mm.) (E) Jasmonate and salicylate accumulation patterns are circadian-regulated with opposite phasing. Jasmonates peak in the middle of subjective day (black line) and salicylates (gray line) peak in the middle of subjective night. Mean ± SE; n = 3. fw, fresh weight.

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Arabidopsis synchronizes jasmonate-mediated defense with insect circadian behavior
Danielle Goodspeed, E. Wassim Chehab, Amelia Min-Venditti, Janet Braam, Michael F. Covington
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Mar 2012, 109 (12) 4674-4677; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116368109
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 109 (12)
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