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Research Article

Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River

Hongbo Zheng, Peter D. Clift, Ping Wang, Ryuji Tada, Juntao Jia, Mengying He, and Fred Jourdan
PNAS May 7, 2013 110 (19) 7556-7561; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1216241110
Hongbo Zheng
aSchool of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
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  • For correspondence: zhenghb@njnu.edu.cn
Peter D. Clift
bDepartment of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803;
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Ping Wang
aSchool of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
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Ryuji Tada
cDepartment of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
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Juntao Jia
dSchool of Geosciences, China Petroleum University, Qingdao 266580, China;
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Mengying He
eSchool of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; and
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Fred Jourdan
fWestern Australian Argon Isotope Facility, Department of Applied Geology and John de Laeter Centre, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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  1. Edited by Paul Tapponnier, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Singapore, and approved March 22, 2013 (received for review September 19, 2012)

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    Fig. 1.

    Topographic map of East Asia, showing major rivers and the locations mentioned in the text. SBSYB, Subei–South Yellow Sea Basin; BHB, Bohai Basin; ECSB, East China Sea Basin; PRB, Pearl River Mouth Basin; YB, Yinggehai Basin; SPG, Songpan Garze; QB, Qiangtang Block. Red circles show locations of Yellow River samples (31). Major faults marked are taken from Replumaz and Tapponnier (59). The black dashed box indicates the location of Fig. 2.

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    Fig. 2.

    (A) Simplified geological map of Nanjing area showing the locations of studied sections. (B) Sedimentary logs from the studied Yangtze gravel sections in the lower reaches of the Yangtze basin in comparison with the lithostratigraphy of Jianghan Basin. (a) Lingyanshan; (b) Xiaopanshan; (c) Guizishan; and (d) Jianghan Basin. Locations of sediments from which zircons were dated are shown together with the age controls. The y axis in the sedimentary logs is in depth; N+Q, Neogene and Pleistocene; E3, Oligocene; E2, Eocene; E1, Paleocene; K2, Late Cretaceous. (C) Sketch showing a cross section (black line in A) of the geology of Nanjing area.

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    Fig. 3.

    KDE diagrams of zircon populations from Yangtze River gravels showing the similarity of the provenance to the modern river at Nanjing, at Wuhan, and the average composition of the delta 3.2 Ma. Note the different spectrum provided by the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Locations of the sampled outcrops are shown on Figs. 1 and 2.

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    Fig. 4.

    Simplified maps showing the development of the Yangtze River in response to tectonic evolution in East Asia, based on the data presented in this paper as well as associated studies discussed in the text. (A) 32 and (B) 16 Ma. Names of basins as in Fig. 1. Maps reflect the progressive extrusion of Indochina and the opening of the South China Sea, but recognize that the continental blocks east of Longmenshan have remained relatively rigid since the Eocene (59). ASRR, Ailao Shan–Red River Fault; LMS, Longmenshan. Shaded river segment indicates the reversed section of the Yangtze River.

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Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River
Hongbo Zheng, Peter D. Clift, Ping Wang, Ryuji Tada, Juntao Jia, Mengying He, Fred Jourdan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences May 2013, 110 (19) 7556-7561; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216241110

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Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River
Hongbo Zheng, Peter D. Clift, Ping Wang, Ryuji Tada, Juntao Jia, Mengying He, Fred Jourdan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences May 2013, 110 (19) 7556-7561; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216241110
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    • Abstract
    • Geological Setting
    • 40Ar/39Ar Dating of Basalts
    • U–Pb Zircon Dating
    • Drainage Evolution in East Asia
    • Tibetan Tectonics and the Yangtze River
    • Conclusions
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