Persistent effects of a severe drought on Amazonian forest canopy

^aJet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109;
^bInstitute of Environment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90045;
^cEnvironmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom;
^dCollege of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom;
^eRemote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12227-010, Brazil;
^fDepartment of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; and
^gBiospheric Sciences Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035

Edited by Steven C. Wofsy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved November 12, 2012 (received for review March 19, 2012)

Footnotes

↵¹To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: saatchi{at}jpl.nasa.gov.

Author contributions: S.S., L.E.O.C.A., R.B.M., and R.N. designed research; S.S., S.A.-N., and L.O.A. performed research; S.S., Y.M., L.E.O.C.A., R.B.M., and R.N. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.S. and S.A.-N. analyzed data; and S.S. and Y.M. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1204651110/-/DCSupplemental.

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	Abstract	Full	Pdf
Dec 2012	1329	0	87
Total 2012	1329	0	87
Jan 2013	6457	89	570
Feb 2013	642	50	124
Mar 2013	411	26	80
Apr 2013	334	30	65
May 2013	259	9	40
Jun 2013	200	10	44
Jul 2013	208	22	67
Aug 2013	154	59	53
Sep 2013	146	40	67
Oct 2013	216	36	80
Nov 2013	138	47	56
Dec 2013	135	37	53
Total 2013	9300	455	1299
Jan 2014	120	36	41
Feb 2014	135	35	56
Mar 2014	147	54	73
Apr 2014	146	64	73
May 2014	157	45	51
Jun 2014	129	50	53
Jul 2014	86	52	35
Aug 2014	76	59	30
Sep 2014	117	83	29
Oct 2014	157	79	73
Nov 2014	131	71	52
Dec 2014	135	49	46
Total 2014	1536	677	612
Jan 2015	148	58	65
Feb 2015	142	69	52
Mar 2015	125	52	55
Apr 2015	115	58	41
May 2015	81	32	38
Jun 2015	101	29	27
Jul 2015	78	35	21
Aug 2015	81	29	30
Sep 2015	83	41	45
Oct 2015	100	37	39
Nov 2015	139	100	65
Dec 2015	94	48	53
Total 2015	1287	588	531
Jan 2016	103	59	49
Feb 2016	104	63	57
Mar 2016	152	62	69
Apr 2016	100	60	31
May 2016	390	75	40
Jun 2016	244	59	38
Jul 2016	83	50	32
Aug 2016	93	54	23
Sep 2016	113	47	29
Oct 2016	135	45	25
Nov 2016	114	58	31
Dec 2016	89	29	24
Total 2016	1720	661	448
Jan 2017	59	37	20
Feb 2017	85	55	23
Mar 2017	76	48	29
Apr 2017	67	45	26
May 2017	99	38	34
Jun 2017	66	29	24
Jul 2017	52	28	20
Aug 2017	66	36	36
Sep 2017	61	30	13
Oct 2017	122	39	34
Nov 2017	95	46	26
Dec 2017	53	32	12
Total 2017	901	463	297
Jan 2018	82	31	29
Feb 2018	93	95	29
Mar 2018	88	88	32
Apr 2018	104	123	41
May 2018	77	91	18
Jun 2018	82	85	26
Jul 2018	95	100	30
Aug 2018	90	100	24
Sep 2018	83	85	19
Oct 2018	25	110	31
Nov 2018	23	146	26
Dec 2018	10	74	19
Total 2018	852	1128	324
Jan 2019	20	52	24
Feb 2019	22	63	21
Mar 2019	24	112	37
Apr 2019	21	73	64
May 2019	35	73	44
Jun 2019	27	48	28
Jul 2019	27	59	38
Aug 2019	26	84	31
Sep 2019	10	80	26
Oct 2019	48	105	37
Nov 2019	25	81	60
Dec 2019	14	72	30
Total 2019	299	902	440
Jan 2020	13	82	19
Feb 2020	27	97	23
Mar 2020	10	106	15
Apr 2020	32	51	37
May 2020	27	64	42
Jun 2020	45	38	20
Jul 2020	20	57	21
Aug 2020	9	65	21
Sep 2020	19	93	44
Oct 2020	21	154	64
Nov 2020	36	115	42
Dec 2020	48	106	40
Total 2020	307	1028	388
Jan 2021	17	195	29
Total 2021	17	195	29
Total	17548	6097	4455