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Edited by Steven C. Wofsy, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved November 12, 2012 (received for review March 19, 2012)
Article Figures & SI
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Spatial extent and severity of the 2005 Amazonian drought using seasonal (JAS) standardized anomaly of QSCAT backscatter data at H polarization for ascending orbits (acquired at dawn), capturing the forest canopy water stress and spatial patterns. (A) Magnitudes of QSCAT anomaly beyond ±1.0 σ. (B) Spatial cross-correlation between the TRMM monthly WDA and the QSCAT monthly anomaly with 1 mo lag over the period 2000–2009. (C) ACF developed between the two datasets averaged over forested pixels in Amazonia with time lags ranging from 0 to 18 mo in either direction. Dashed lines represent the 95% confidence interval as
. - Fig. 2.
Time series of (A) TRMM and (B) QSCAT monthly anomaly over western Amazonia (window: 4°S–12°S, 76°W–66°W). Solid lines show the result of the ARMA of the order of 6 mo.
- Fig. 3.
(A) BFAST seasonal trend decomposition of the QSCAT monthly normalized anomaly time series of southwestern Amazonia (window: 4°S–12°S, 76°W–66°W) into seasonal, trend, and remainder components. (B) The seasonal component is estimated by taking the mean of all seasonal subcomponents starting from January 2000. The range of seasonal amplitude is less than 20% of the range of QSCAT anomaly. (C) One abrupt change in the trend component of the time series is detected on June 2005. The shaded bar indicates the 97.5% (3 σ) confidence interval. (D) The remainder shows the variation of the signal after the removal of the trend capturing the temporal variations in the time series.
- Fig. 4.
(A) Spatial representation of the rate of recovery of pixels affected by QSCAT-negative anomaly (less than −1.0 σ) calculated by the slope of the difference in QSCAT and TRMM monthly anomalies from September 2005 to November 2009 (SI Materials and Methods). Pixels with significantly large negative slopes represent forests with slower recovery and cover an area of ∼4 × 105 km2. Areas delineated in highlighted areas as A, B, and C represent regions in southeastern Peru, the state of Acre in Brazil, and areas in the state of Mato Grosso, respectively, showing areas with potentially the largest impacts of the 2005 drought. (B) Spatial representation of areas with strongest seasonality in canopy properties detected by the QSCAT backscatter measurements (2000–2009).
Data supplements
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Files in this Data Supplement:
Persistent impact of drought in Amazonia
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