New Research In
Physical Sciences
Social Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
Biological Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
- Agricultural Sciences
- Anthropology
- Applied Biological Sciences
- Biochemistry
- Biophysics and Computational Biology
- Cell Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Ecology
- Environmental Sciences
- Evolution
- Genetics
- Immunology and Inflammation
- Medical Sciences
- Microbiology
- Neuroscience
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Plant Biology
- Population Biology
- Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
- Sustainability Science
- Systems Biology
Ash from the Toba supereruption in Lake Malawi shows no volcanic winter in East Africa at 75 ka
Edited by Mark H. Thiemens, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved March 15, 2013 (received for review January 23, 2013)
This article has a Letter. Please see:
- Toba supereruption: Age and impact on East African ecosystems - June 21, 2013
See related content:
- Subdecadal climate record of the Toba eruption- Jun 21, 2013

Online Impact
Article Information
- Published in issue May 14, 2013.
- Published first April 29, 2013.
Article Versions
- Previous version (April 29, 2013 - 11:35).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Author Information
- aResearch Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; and
- bLarge Lakes Observatory and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812
Edited by Mark H. Thiemens, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved March 15, 2013 (received for review January 23, 2013)
Footnotes
- ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Christine.Lane{at}rlaha.ox.ac.uk.
Author contributions: T.C.J. conceived the project; C.S.L. and T.C.J. designed the analytical procedure; C.S.L. and B.T.C. performed research; and C.S.L., B.T.C., and T.C.J. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1301474110/-/DCSupplemental.
Cited By...
This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
- Huw S. Groucutt, Michael D. Petraglia, Geoff Bailey, Eleanor M. L. Scerri, Ash Parton, Laine Clark-Balzan, Richard P. Jennings, Laura Lewis, James Blinkhorn, Nick A. Drake, Paul S. Breeze, Robyn H. Inglis, Maud H. Devès, Matthew Meredith-Williams, Nicole Boivin, Mark G. Thomas, Aylwyn ScallyEvolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 2015 24 4
- Christopher J. Bae, Katerina Douka, Michael D. PetragliaScience 2017 358 6368
- Britta J.L. Jensen, Sean Pyne-O’Donnell, Gill Plunkett, Duane G. Froese, Paul D.M. Hughes, Michael Sigl, Joseph R. McConnell, Matthew J. Amesbury, Paul G. Blackwell, Christel van den Bogaard, Caitlin E. Buck, Dan J. Charman, John J. Clague, Valerie A. Hall, Johannes Koch, Helen Mackay, Gunnar Mallon, Lynsey McColl, Jonathan R. PilcherGeology 2014 42 10
- SIWAN M. DAVIESJournal of Quaternary Science 2015 30 2
- Emma L. Tomlinson, Victoria C. Smith, Paul G. Albert, Erkan Aydar, Lucia Civetta, Raffaello Cioni, Evren Çubukçu, Ralf Gertisser, Roberto Isaia, Martin A. Menzies, Giovanni Orsi, Mauro Rosi, Giovanni ZanchettaQuaternary Science Reviews 2015 118
- C.S. Lane, V.L. Cullen, D. White, C.W.F. Bramham-Law, V.C. SmithJournal of Archaeological Science 2014 42
- Jessica E. Tierney, Peter B. deMenocal, Paul D. ZanderGeology 2017 45 11
- T. C. Johnson, J. P. Werne, E. T. Brown, A. Abbott, M. Berke, B. A. Steinman, J. Halbur, S. Contreras, S. Grosshuesch, A. Deino, C. A. Scholz, R. P. Lyons, S. Schouten, J. S. Sinninghe DamstéNature 2016 537 7619
- David J. Lowe, Nicholas J.G. Pearce, Murray A. Jorgensen, Stephen C. Kuehn, Christian A. Tryon, Chris L. HaywardQuaternary Science Reviews 2017 175
- Antonio Costa, Victoria C. Smith, Giovanni Macedonio, Naomi E. MatthewsFrontiers in Earth Science 2014 2
- Eugene I. Smith, Zenobia Jacobs, Racheal Johnsen, Minghua Ren, Erich C. Fisher, Simen Oestmo, Jayne Wilkins, Jacob A. Harris, Panagiotis Karkanas, Shelby Fitch, Amber Ciravolo, Deborah Keenan, Naomi Cleghorn, Christine S. Lane, Thalassa Matthews, Curtis W. MareanNature 2018 555 7697
- Helen Mackay, Paul D.M. Hughes, Britta J.L. Jensen, Pete G. Langdon, Sean D.F. Pyne-O'Donnell, Gill Plunkett, Duane G. Froese, Sarah Coulter, James E. GardnerQuaternary Science Reviews 2016 132
- Chris Newhall, Stephen Self, Alan RobockGeosphere 2018 14 2
- A. J. Bourne, P. M. Abbott, P. G. Albert, E. Cook, N. J. G. Pearce, V. Ponomareva, A. Svensson, S. M. DaviesScientific Reports 2016 6 1
- Vera Ponomareva, Maxim Portnyagin, Siwan M. DaviesFrontiers in Earth Science 2015 3
- J. A. WESTGATE, N. J. G. PEARCE, W. T. PERKINS, S. J. PREECE, C. A. CHESNER, R. F. MUHAMMADJournal of Quaternary Science 2013 28 8
- Chunqing Sun, Haitao You, Huaiyu He, Lei Zhang, Jinliang Gao, Wenfeng Guo, Shuangshuang Chen, Qian Mao, Qiang Liu, Guoqiang Chu, Jiaqi LiuGondwana Research 2015 28 1
- Willem G.M. van der Bilt, Christine S. Lane, Jostein BakkeQuaternary Science Reviews 2017 164
- Seth D. Baum, David C. Denkenberger, Joshua M. Pearce, Alan Robock, Richelle WinklerEnvironment Systems and Decisions 2015 35 2
- C.S. Lane, D.J. Lowe, S.P.E. Blockley, T. Suzuki, V.C. SmithQuaternary Geochronology 2017 40
- Gill Plunkett, Sarah E. Coulter, Vera V. Ponomareva, Maarten Blaauw, Andrea Klimaschewski, Dan HammarlundGlobal and Planetary Change 2015 134
- NICHOLAS J. G. PEARCE, JOHN A. WESTGATE, EMMA GATTI, JINNAPPA N. PATTAN, GOPAL PARTHIBAN, HEMA ACHYUTHANJournal of Quaternary Science 2014 29 8
- Chad L. Yost, Lily J. Jackson, Jeffery R. Stone, Andrew S. CohenJournal of Human Evolution 2018 116
- Nick Blegen, Francis H. Brown, Brian R. Jicha, Katie M. Binetti, J. Tyler Faith, Joseph V. Ferraro, Patrick N. Gathogo, Jonathan L. Richardson, Christian A. TryonQuaternary Science Reviews 2016 152
- David K. Wright, Jessica C. Thompson, Flora Schilt, Andrew S. Cohen, Jeong-Heon Choi, Julio Mercader, Sheila Nightingale, Christopher E. Miller, Susan M. Mentzer, Dale Walde, Menno Welling, Elizabeth Gomani-ChindebvuJournal of Archaeological Science 2017 77
- David K. Wright, Jessica Thompson, Alex Mackay, Menno Welling, Steven L. Forman, Gilbert Price, Jian-xin Zhao, Andrew S. Cohen, Oris Malijani, Elizabeth Gomani-ChindebvuGeoarchaeology 2014 29 2
- Isla S. Castañeda, Thibaut Caley, Lydie Dupont, Jung-Hyun Kim, Bruno Malaizé, Stefan SchoutenEarth and Planetary Science Letters 2016 450
- James U.L. Baldini, Richard J. Brown, Jim N. McElwaineScientific Reports 2015 5 1
- Sarah J. Ivory, Anne-Marie Lézine, Annie Vincens, Andrew S. CohenGlobal Change Biology 2018 24 7
- J. Jeffrey Werner, Pamela R. WilloughbyAfrican Archaeological Review 2017 34 2
- James U. L. Baldini, Richard J. Brown, Natasha MawdsleyClimate of the Past 2018 14 7
- C. van den Bogaard, B. J. L. Jensen, N. J. G. Pearce, D. G. Froese, M. V. Portnyagin, V. V. Ponomareva, V. WennrichClimate of the Past 2014 10 3
- Sean D.F. Pyne-O'Donnell, Les C. Cwynar, Britta J.L. Jensen, Jessie H. Vincent, Stephen C. Kuehn, Ray Spear, Duane G. FroeseQuaternary Science Reviews 2016 142
- E. J. Watson, G. T. Swindles, J. A. Stevenson, I. Savov, I. T. LawsonJournal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2016 121 10
- R. G. Roberts, M. Storey, M. HaslamProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2013 110 33
- James Blinkhorn, Victoria C. Smith, Hema Achyuthan, Ceri Shipton, Sacha C. Jones, Peter D. Ditchfield, Michael D. PetragliaQuaternary Science Reviews 2014 105
- David J. LoweGeological Society, London, Special Publications 2014 398 1
- Brandon Schmandt, Chengxin Jiang, Jamie FarrellJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2019 384
- Elizabeth J. Watson, Graeme T. Swindles, Ivan P. Savov, Karen L. BaconScientific Reports 2015 5 1
- Alexander H. HarcourtProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2016 113 29
- Chunqing Sun, Qiang Liu, Jing Wu, Károly Németh, Luo Wang, Yongwei Zhao, Guoqiang Chu, Jiaqi LiuQuaternary Geochronology 2017 40
- ChunQing Sun, JiaQi Liu, HaiTao You, GuoQiang ChuScience China Earth Sciences 2016 59 7
- Joel D. Gunn, John W. Day, William J. Folan, Matthew MoerschbaecherBioPhysical Economics and Resource Quality 2019 4 3
- Nono Agus Santoso, Satria Bijaksana, Kazuto Kodama, Djoko Santoso, Darharta DahrinGeosciences 2017 7 3
- Ashok K. Srivastava, Ajab SinghQuaternary International 2019 500
- John A. Westgate, Nicholas J.G. Pearce, Emma Gatti, Hema AchyuthanQuaternary Research 2014 82 2
- Martin Schultze, Bertram Boehrer, Katrin Wendt-Potthoff, Sergei Katsev, Erik T. Brown2017 228
- Lea Toska Oppedal, Willem G. M. van der Bilt, Nicholas L. Balascio, Jostein BakkeJournal of Quaternary Science 2018 33 5
- Victoria C. SmithGeological Society, London, Special Publications 2014 395 1
- Mark P. Baldwin, Thomas Birner, Guy Brasseur, John Burrows, Neal Butchart, Rolando Garcia, Marvin Geller, Lesley Gray, Kevin Hamilton, Nili Harnik, Michaela I. Hegglin, Ulrike Langematz, Alan Robock, Kaoru Sato, Adam A. ScaifeMeteorological Monographs 2019 59
- Polina Vakhrameeva, Sabine Wulf, Andreas Koutsodendris, Rik Tjallingii, William J. Fletcher, Oona Appelt, Thomas Ludwig, Maria Knipping, Mario Trieloff, Jörg ProssJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2019 380
- Lily J. Jackson, Jeffery R. Stone, Andrew S. Cohen, Chad L. YostGeology 2015 43 9
- Patrick Roberts, Mary E. Prendergast, Anneke Janzen, Ceri Shipton, James Blinkhorn, Jana Zech, Alison Crowther, Elizabeth A. Sawchuk, Mathew Stewart, Emmanuel Ndiema, Michael Petraglia, Nicole BoivinPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2020 537
- Victor J. Polyak, Yemane Asmerom, Matthew S. LachnietGeology 2017 45 9
- Xuan-Yu Chen, Danielle McLean, Simon P.E. Blockley, Pavel E. Tarasov, Yi-Gang Xu, Martin A. MenziesQuaternary Science Reviews 2019 215
- Finn A. Viehberg, Janna Just, Jonathan R. Dean, Bernd Wagner, Sven Oliver Franz, Nicole Klasen, Thomas Kleinen, Patrick Ludwig, Asfawossen Asrat, Henry F. Lamb, Melanie J. Leng, Janet Rethemeyer, Antoni E. Milodowski, Martin Claussen, Frank SchäbitzQuaternary Science Reviews 2018 202
- Rebecca Elizabeth Smith, Jonathan James Tyler, Jessica Reeves, Simon Blockley, Geraldine Ellen JacobsenQuaternary Geochronology 2017 40
- Alexey Piskarev, Daria ElkinaScientific Reports 2017 7 1
- Ashok K. Srivastava, Ajab SinghThe Journal of Geology 2019 127 6
- Nicholas J.G. Pearce, John A. Westgate, Guilherme A.R. Gualda, Emma Gatti, Ros F. MuhammadJournal of Quaternary Science 2020 35 1-2
- Anders Högberg, Marlize LombardJournal of Paleolithic Archaeology 2020 3 4
- Warren D. Sharp, Christian A. Tryon, Elizabeth M. Niespolo, Nick D. Fylstra, Alka Tripathy-Lang, J. Tyler FaithQuaternary Science Reviews 2019 219
- Christine S Lane, Catherine M Martin-Jones, Thomas C JohnsonThe Holocene 2018 28 12
- Cynthia C. Steiner, Marlys L. Houck, Oliver A. RyderConservation Genetics 2018 19 2
- Entao Liu, Xuan-Ce Wang, Jian-xin Zhao, Xuan WangMarine Geology 2015 367
- C. S. Lane, B. T. Chorn, T. C. JohnsonProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2013 110 33
- Donald C. BarkerActa Astronautica 2015 107
- Andrew E. Snyder-Beattie, Toby Ord, Michael B. BonsallScientific Reports 2019 9 1
- Keri McNamara, Alison C. Rust, Katharine V. Cashman, Angelo Castruccio, Ana M. AbarzúaBulletin of Volcanology 2019 81 2
- Xuan-Yu Chen, Simon P.E. Blockley, Yi-Gang Xu, Martin A. MenziesQuaternary Science Reviews 2020 242
- Chunqing Sun, Károly Németh, Tao Zhan, Haitao You, Guoqiang Chu, Jiaqi LiuJournal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2019 383
- Caroline Bouvet De Maisonneuve, Olga Bergal‐KuvikasJournal of Quaternary Science 2020 35 1-2
- A.L. Deino, M.J. Sier, D. Garello, B. Keller, J. Kingston, J. Scott, G. Dupont-Nivet, A. CohenPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2019 532
- Alan L. Deino, Mark J. Sier, Dominique I. Garello, C. Brenhin Keller, John D. Kingston, Jennifer J. Scott, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Andrew S. CohenPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2019
- Yingying Zhang, Taiyi Luo, Tian Gan, Mingzhong Zhou, Xinqiao HanActa Geochimica 2020
- Hao Li, Matt G. Lotter, Kathleen Kuman, Lei Lei, Wei WangPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2021 562
- Said Muzambiq, Hibnul Walid, Tunggul Hermansyah Ganie, Hary HermawanGeoheritage 2021 13 1
- Sergey Osipov, Georgiy Stenchikov, Kostas Tsigaridis, Allegra N. LeGrande, Susanne E. BauerJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 2020 125 2
- Elizabeth D. Swanner, Nicholas Lambrecht, Chad Wittkop, Chris Harding, Sergei Katsev, Joshua Torgeson, Simon W. PoultonEarth-Science Reviews 2020 211
Article usage
Citation Manager Formats
Sign up for Article Alerts
Article Classifications
- Physical Sciences
- Environmental Sciences
- Biological Sciences
- Anthropology