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Contributed by Chi-Huey Wong, July 3, 2013 (sent for review May 16, 2013)
Abstract
Carbohydrate-based vaccines have shown therapeutic efficacy for infectious disease and cancer. The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) containing complex polysaccharides has been used as antitumor supplement, but the mechanism of immune response has rarely been studied. Here, we show that the mice immunized with a l-fucose (Fuc)-enriched Reishi polysaccharide fraction (designated as FMS) induce antibodies against murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells, with increased antibody-mediated cytotoxicity and reduced production of tumor-associated inflammatory mediators (in particular, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). The mice showed a significant increase in the peritoneal B1 B-cell population, suggesting FMS-mediated anti-glycan IgM production. Furthermore, the glycan microarray analysis of FMS-induced antisera displayed a high specificity toward tumor-associated glycans, with the antigenic structure located in the nonreducing termini (i.e., Fucα1-2Galβ1-3GalNAc-R, where Gal, GalNAc, and R represent, respectively, D-galactose, D-N-acetyl galactosamine, and reducing end), typically found in Globo H and related tumor antigens. The composition of FMS contains mainly the backbone of 1,4-mannan and 1,6-α-galactan and through the Fucα1-2Gal, Fucα1-3/4Man, Fucα1-4Xyl, and Fucα1-2Fuc linkages (where Man and Xyl represent d-mannose and d-xylose, respectively), underlying the molecular basis of the FMS-induced IgM antibodies against tumor-specific glycans.
Footnotes
↵1S.-F.L. and C.-H. Liang contributed equally to this work.
- ↵2To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail: hsienyeh{at}gmail.com, cyiwu{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw, or chwong{at}gate.sinica.edu.tw.
Author contributions: H.-Y.H., C.-Y.W., and C.-H.W. designed research; S.-F.L., C.-H. Liang, M.-Y.H., S.-T.L., Y.-Y.C., S.-M.T., T.-Y.L., Z.-Y.L., W.-B.Y., and C.-T.R. performed research; T.-I.T. and Y.S.-Y.H. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; S.-F.L., C.-H. Liang, M.-Y.H., T.-L.H., Y.S.-Y.H., C.-M.T., and K.-I.L. analyzed data; and S.-F.L., C.-H. Liang, K.-H.K., C.-H. Lin, H.-Y.H., C.-Y.W., and C.-H.W. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1312457110/-/DCSupplemental.
Reishi mushroom polysaccharides
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