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Research Article

Criticality of metals and metalloids

T. E. Graedel, E. M. Harper, N. T. Nassar, Philip Nuss, and Barbara K. Reck
  1. aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
  2. bStellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa

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PNAS April 7, 2015 112 (14) 4257-4262; first published March 23, 2015; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500415112
T. E. Graedel
aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
bStellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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  • For correspondence: thomas.graedel@yale.edu
E. M. Harper
aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
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N. T. Nassar
aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
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Philip Nuss
aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
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Barbara K. Reck
aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
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  1. Edited by B. L. Turner, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, and approved February 27, 2015 (received for review January 8, 2015)

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Article Information

vol. 112 no. 14 4257-4262
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500415112
PubMed: 
25831527

Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Published in issue April 7, 2015.
  • Published first March 23, 2015.


Author Information

  1. T. E. Graedela,b,1,
  2. E. M. Harpera,
  3. N. T. Nassara,
  4. Philip Nussa, and
  5. Barbara K. Recka
  1. aCenter for Industrial Ecology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511; and
  2. bStellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
  1. Edited by B. L. Turner, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, and approved February 27, 2015 (received for review January 8, 2015)

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: thomas.graedel{at}yale.edu.
  • Author contributions: T.E.G. and B.K.R. designed research; T.E.G., E.M.H., N.T.N., P.N., and B.K.R. performed research; E.M.H., N.T.N., and P.N. analyzed data; and T.E.G., E.M.H., N.T.N., and B.K.R. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1500415112/-/DCSupplemental.

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Article usage

Article usage: March 2015 to April 2021

AbstractFullPdf
Mar 201526330226
Apr 2015475076312
May 201579527109
Jun 20154561668
Jul 20155337107
Aug 20153381731
Sep 20153521261
Oct 20154014568
Nov 20152573368
Dec 20153003392
Total 2015108152661142
Jan 20162714587
Feb 20162356586
Mar 201622642101
Apr 20162085575
May 20162323174
Jun 20162175086
Jul 20161682653
Aug 20162433570
Sep 20162825662
Oct 20162025198
Nov 20162584696
Dec 20162346486
Total 20162776566974
Jan 20172455289
Feb 20172184176
Mar 201717263106
Apr 20172264471
May 20172348386
Jun 20172644397
Jul 201719159101
Aug 20171785453
Sep 201719568108
Oct 201722380115
Nov 201718694110
Dec 2017217142113
Total 201725498231125
Jan 2018202163121
Feb 201824718581
Mar 2018317217208
Apr 2018255199131
May 2018276199136
Jun 2018277191129
Jul 2018220176100
Aug 201831924399
Sep 201834929077
Oct 201894189127
Nov 201880214102
Dec 20184913285
Total 2018268523981396
Jan 201963208106
Feb 20198317091
Mar 201966183114
Apr 201964164148
May 201960159120
Jun 20196720588
Jul 201953173118
Aug 2019104162114
Sep 201967229111
Oct 201978280136
Nov 201992379136
Dec 20197222395
Total 201986925351377
Jan 202011823194
Feb 20209322397
Mar 202082242111
Apr 202064315133
May 202075286138
Jun 202059240209
Jul 20207223194
Aug 20207320985
Sep 202091258138
Oct 202010028790
Nov 202064239123
Dec 202095328142
Total 202098630891454
Jan 202180353134
Feb 20217327197
Mar 202191375124
Apr 20213010655
Total 20212741105410
Total20954107827878
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Criticality of metals and metalloids
T. E. Graedel, E. M. Harper, N. T. Nassar, Philip Nuss, Barbara K. Reck
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2015, 112 (14) 4257-4262; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500415112

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Criticality of metals and metalloids
T. E. Graedel, E. M. Harper, N. T. Nassar, Philip Nuss, Barbara K. Reck
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2015, 112 (14) 4257-4262; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500415112
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 112 (14)
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