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July 14, 2015; vol. 112 no. 28

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Cover image: Pictured is a fossil of Collinsium ciliosum, an armored ancestor of modern velvet worms, found in the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte deposit in South China. Jie Yang et al. describe this organism, which possesses a variety of specialized limbs, including short antennae, front appendages for filter feeding, and rear clawed legs. The high degree of limb specialization and strong dorsal armature of biomineralized spines displayed by C. ciliosum and its relatives in the family Luolishaniidae suggest that this group enjoyed substantial diversity of form and function during the Cambrian explosion, yet ultimately went extinct, probably due to the loss of its ecological niche. See the article by Yang et al. on pages 8678–8683. Image courtesy of Jie Yang.

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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 112 (28)
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