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Research Article

Achieving high power factor and output power density in p-type half-Heuslers Nb1-xTixFeSb

Ran He, Daniel Kraemer, Jun Mao, Lingping Zeng, Qing Jie, Yucheng Lan, Chunhua Li, Jing Shuai, Hee Seok Kim, Yuan Liu, David Broido, Ching-Wu Chu, Gang Chen, and Zhifeng Ren
  1. aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
  2. bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
  3. cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
  4. dDepartment of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251;
  5. eDepartment of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467;
  6. fLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720

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PNAS November 29, 2016 113 (48) 13576-13581; first published November 15, 2016; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1617663113
Ran He
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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Daniel Kraemer
cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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Jun Mao
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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Lingping Zeng
cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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Qing Jie
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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Yucheng Lan
dDepartment of Physics and Engineering Physics, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251;
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Chunhua Li
eDepartment of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467;
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Jing Shuai
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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Hee Seok Kim
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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Yuan Liu
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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David Broido
eDepartment of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467;
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Ching-Wu Chu
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
fLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
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  • For correspondence: cwchu@uh.edu gchen2@mit.edu zren@uh.edu
Gang Chen
cDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
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  • For correspondence: cwchu@uh.edu gchen2@mit.edu zren@uh.edu
Zhifeng Ren
aDepartment of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
bTexas Center for Superconductivity at the University of Houston, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204;
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  • For correspondence: cwchu@uh.edu gchen2@mit.edu zren@uh.edu
  1. Contributed by Ching-Wu Chu, October 24, 2016 (sent for review September 7, 2016; reviewed by Jing-Feng Li and Silke Paschen)

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Significance

Thermoelectric technology can boost energy consumption efficiency by converting some of the waste heat into useful electricity. Heat-to-power conversion efficiency optimization is mainly achieved by decreasing the thermal conductivity in many materials. In comparison, there has been much less success in increasing the power factor. We report successful power factor enhancement by improving the carrier mobility. Our successful approach could suggest methods to improve the power factor in other materials. Using our approach, the highest power factor reaches ∼106 μW⋅cm−1⋅K−2 at room temperature. Such a high power factor further yields a record output power density in a single-leg device tested between 293 K and 868 K, thus demonstrating the importance of high power factor for power generation applications.

Abstract

Improvements in thermoelectric material performance over the past two decades have largely been based on decreasing the phonon thermal conductivity. Enhancing the power factor has been less successful in comparison. In this work, a peak power factor of ∼106 μW⋅cm−1⋅K−2 is achieved by increasing the hot pressing temperature up to 1,373 K in the p-type half-Heusler Nb0.95Ti0.05FeSb. The high power factor subsequently yields a record output power density of ∼22 W⋅cm−2 based on a single-leg device operating at between 293 K and 868 K. Such a high-output power density can be beneficial for large-scale power generation applications.

  • half-Heusler
  • thermoelectric
  • power factor
  • carrier mobility
  • output power density

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: cwchu{at}uh.edu, gchen2{at}mit.edu, or zren{at}uh.edu.
  • Author contributions: R.H. and Z.R. designed research; R.H. performed research; D.K., L.Z., Y. Lan, C.L., J.S., H.S.K., Y. Liu, and D.B. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; R.H., J.M., Q.J., G.C., and Z.R. analyzed data; and R.H., D.K., L.Z., D.B., C.-W.C., G.C., and Z.R. wrote the paper.

  • Reviewers: J.-F.L., Tsinghua University; and S.P., Vienna University of Technology.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1617663113/-/DCSupplemental.

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High power factor and power density in NbFeSb
Ran He, Daniel Kraemer, Jun Mao, Lingping Zeng, Qing Jie, Yucheng Lan, Chunhua Li, Jing Shuai, Hee Seok Kim, Yuan Liu, David Broido, Ching-Wu Chu, Gang Chen, Zhifeng Ren
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2016, 113 (48) 13576-13581; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617663113

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High power factor and power density in NbFeSb
Ran He, Daniel Kraemer, Jun Mao, Lingping Zeng, Qing Jie, Yucheng Lan, Chunhua Li, Jing Shuai, Hee Seok Kim, Yuan Liu, David Broido, Ching-Wu Chu, Gang Chen, Zhifeng Ren
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2016, 113 (48) 13576-13581; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1617663113
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 113 (48)
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusions
    • Sample Characterization
    • Thermal Diffusivity and Specific Heat
    • Band Structure and Bipolar Thermal Conductivity
    • Grain Size Distribution
    • Measuring Phonon MFP Distribution in Nb0.95Ti0.05FeSb
    • Klemens Model
    • Calculation of Efficiency and Power Density
    • Measurement of Efficiency and Power Density
    • Acknowledgments
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