Muons penetrate much further than X-rays, they do essentially zero damage, and they are provided for free by the cosmos.
Image credit: Science Source/Digital Globe.
Contributed by Chris R. Somerville, February 12, 2017 (sent for review September 7, 2016; reviewed by Steve C. Huber and Simon R. Turner)
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- Published in issue March 28, 2017.
- Published first March 13, 2017.
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Author Information
- Clara Sánchez-Rodrígueza,1,
- KassaDee Ketelaarb,1,
- Rene Schneiderc,
- Jose A. Villalobosb,
- Chris R. Somervilled,2,
- Staffan Perssonc,2,3, and
- Ian S. Wallaceb,2,3
- aDepartment of Biology, Eidgenössiche Technische Hochschule Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland;
- bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557;
- cSchool of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia;
- dEnergy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
Contributed by Chris R. Somerville, February 12, 2017 (sent for review September 7, 2016; reviewed by Steve C. Huber and Simon R. Turner)
Footnotes
↵1C.S.-R. and K.K. contributed equally to this work.
- ↵2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: crs{at}berkeley.edu, staffan.persson{at}unimelb.edu.au, or iwallace{at}unr.edu.
↵3S.P. and I.S.W. contributed equally to this work.
Author contributions: C.S.-R., R.S., C.R.S., S.P., and I.S.W. designed research; C.S.-R., K.K., R.S., J.A.V., and I.S.W. performed research; I.S.W. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; C.S.-R., K.K., R.S., J.A.V., C.R.S., S.P., and I.S.W. analyzed data; and C.S.-R., K.K., R.S., C.R.S., S.P., and I.S.W. wrote the paper.
Reviewers: S.C.H., University of Illinois; and S.R.T., University of Manchester.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1615005114/-/DCSupplemental.
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