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Reply

Reply to Joly: Inferring causation from comprehensive analysis of observation

Alex Song, Thomas Severini, and Ravi Allada
PNAS April 18, 2017 114 (16) E3169; first published April 11, 2017; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702816114
Alex Song
aDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
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Thomas Severini
bDepartment of Statistics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
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Ravi Allada
aDepartment of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208;
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  • For correspondence: r-allada@northwestern.edu

This article has a Letter. Please see:

  • Baseball and jet lag: Correlation does not imply causation - April 11, 2017

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  • Jet lag and Major League Baseball
    - Jan 23, 2017
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In our paper, “How jet lag impairs Major League Baseball performance,” we describe performance reductions in teams as a function of travel across time zones and attribute these effects to jet lag (1). The letter by Joly (2) raises the issue of correlation versus causation, implying that we cannot conclude that jet lag causes these effects. In cases where laboratory studies or prospective controlled intervention trials are not possible or are difficult, retrospective studies in natural settings can be valuable. Nonetheless, …

↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: r-allada{at}northwestern.edu.

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Inferring causation
Alex Song, Thomas Severini, Ravi Allada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2017, 114 (16) E3169; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702816114

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Inferring causation
Alex Song, Thomas Severini, Ravi Allada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Apr 2017, 114 (16) E3169; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702816114
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