Edited by William C. Clark, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and approved October 31, 2017 (received for review July 3, 2017)
Overview of the composition of energy intake by food category per person per day for national average diets, national recommended diets, and the difference between them, for all countries in this study. Notice that NRDs have been scaled so that total calorie intake matches that of the average diet (isocaloric approach). Although the proportion of grains for Hungary, Latvia, and Portugal may seem large, these are the recommendations (Supporting Information).
(A) Absolute environmental impacts of average diets for different national income groups per person. (B) Differences in environmental impacts between average and recommended diets per person. Net change and change by food group are shown. Both panels give GHG and eutrophication emissions in terms of per day and land use in ongoing, yearly requirement. Land use in Australia has been truncated in both panels for ease of visualization (in A, total Australian land use is 3.3 ha; in B the change is a reduction of 1.0 ha).
Relative differences in environmental impacts between nationally recommended and average diets for high-income and lower-income nations. Red line indicates median relative difference; left and right box limits show first and third quartiles, respectively; whiskers show range from minimum to maximum; and blue crosses show the mean, population-weighted impact.
