Table of Contents

Biological Sciences

• Anthropology

  • Open Access

    Sporadic sampling, not climatic forcing, drives observed early hominin diversity

    Simon J. Maxwell, Philip J. Hopley, Paul Upchurch, and Christophe Soligo

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4891-4896; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721538115

• Applied Biological Sciences

  • Open Access

    Rapid acquisition and model-based analysis of cell-free transcription–translation reactions from nonmodel bacteria

    Simon J. Moore, James T. MacDonald, Sarah Wienecke, Alka Ishwarbhai, Argyro Tsipa, Rochelle Aw, Nicolas Kylilis, David J. Bell, David W. McClymont, Kirsten Jensen, Karen M. Polizzi, Rebekka Biedendieck, and Paul S. Freemont

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4340-E4349; published ahead of print April 17, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715806115
  • Open Access

    Skin microbiota and allergic symptoms associate with exposure to environmental microbes

    Jenni Lehtimäki, Hanna Sinkko, Anna Hielm-Björkman, Elina Salmela, Katriina Tiira, Tiina Laatikainen, Sanna Mäkeläinen, Maria Kaukonen, Liisa Uusitalo, Ilkka Hanski, Hannes Lohi, and Lasse Ruokolainen

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4897-4902; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719785115
  • Open Access

    Nonviral gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 delivery by membrane-disruptive and endosomolytic helical polypeptide

    Hong-Xia Wang, Ziyuan Song, Yeh-Hsing Lao, Xin Xu, Jing Gong, Du Cheng, Syandan Chakraborty, Ji Sun Park, Mingqiang Li, Dantong Huang, Lichen Yin, Jianjun Cheng, and Kam W. Leong

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4903-4908; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712963115

• Biochemistry

  • Open Access

    Characterization and engineering of a plastic-degrading aromatic polyesterase

    Harry P. Austin, Mark D. Allen, Bryon S. Donohoe, Nicholas A. Rorrer, Fiona L. Kearns, Rodrigo L. Silveira, Benjamin C. Pollard, Graham Dominick, Ramona Duman, Kamel El Omari, Vitaliy Mykhaylyk, Armin Wagner, William E. Michener, Antonella Amore, Munir S. Skaf, Michael F. Crowley, Alan W. Thorne, Christopher W. Johnson, H. Lee Woodcock, John E. McGeehan, and Gregg T. Beckham

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4350-E4357; published ahead of print April 17, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718804115
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    Elucidation of the trigonelline degradation pathway reveals previously undescribed enzymes and metabolites

    Nadia Perchat, Pierre-Loïc Saaidi, Ekaterina Darii, Christine Pellé, Jean-Louis Petit, Marielle Besnard-Gonnet, Véronique de Berardinis, Maeva Dupont, Alexandra Gimbernat, Marcel Salanoubat, Cécile Fischer, and Alain Perret

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4358-E4367; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722368115
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    Enzymatic control of dioxygen binding and functionalization of the flavin cofactor

    Raspudin Saleem-Batcha, Frederick Stull, Jacob N. Sanders, Bradley S. Moore, Bruce A. Palfey, K. N. Houk, and Robin Teufel

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4909-4914; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801189115
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    Reactivity of O₂ versus H₂O₂ with polysaccharide monooxygenases

    John A. Hangasky, Anthony T. Iavarone, and Michael A. Marletta

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4915-4920; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801153115
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    SAMHD1 enhances immunoglobulin hypermutation by promoting transversion mutation

    Eddy Sanchai Thientosapol, Daniel Bosnjak, Timothy Durack, Igor Stevanovski, Michelle van Geldermalsen, Jeff Holst, Zeenat Jahan, Caitlin Shepard, Wolfgang Weninger, Baek Kim, Robert Brink, and Christopher J. Jolly

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4921-4926; published ahead of print April 18, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719771115

• Biophysics and Computational Biology

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    Complex role of NK cells in regulation of oncolytic virus–bortezomib therapy

    Yangjin Kim, Ji Young Yoo, Tae Jin Lee, Joseph Liu, Jianhua Yu, Michael A. Caligiuri, Balveen Kaur, and Avner Friedman

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4927-4932; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715295115
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    Efficient models of polymerization applied to FtsZ ring assembly in Escherichia coli

    Álvaro Ruiz-Martínez, Thomas M. Bartol, Terrence J. Sejnowski, and Daniel M. Tartakovsky

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4933-4938; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719391115
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    Druggable negative allosteric site of P2X3 receptors

    Jin Wang, Yao Wang, Wen-Wen Cui, Yichen Huang, Yang Yang, Yan Liu, Wen-Shan Zhao, Xiao-Yang Cheng, Wang-Sheng Sun, Peng Cao, Michael X. Zhu, Rui Wang, Motoyuki Hattori, and Ye Yu

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4939-4944; published ahead of print April 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800907115

• Cell Biology

  • Open Access

    Live-cell analysis of endogenous GFP-RPB1 uncovers rapid turnover of initiating and promoter-paused RNA Polymerase II

    • From the Cover

    Barbara Steurer, Roel C. Janssens, Bart Geverts, Marit E. Geijer, Franziska Wienholz, Arjan F. Theil, Jiang Chang, Shannon Dealy, Joris Pothof, Wiggert A. van Cappellen, Adriaan B. Houtsmuller, and Jurgen A. Marteijn

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4368-E4376; published ahead of print April 9, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717920115
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    Myosin IIA interacts with the spectrin-actin membrane skeleton to control red blood cell membrane curvature and deformability

    • From the Cover

    Alyson S. Smith, Roberta B. Nowak, Sitong Zhou, Michael Giannetto, David S. Gokhin, Julien Papoin, Ionita C. Ghiran, Lionel Blanc, Jiandi Wan, and Velia M. Fowler

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4377-E4385; published ahead of print April 2, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718285115
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    Interaction between cardiac myosin-binding protein C and formin Fhod3

    Sho Matsuyama, Yohko Kage, Noriko Fujimoto, Tomoki Ushijima, Toshihiro Tsuruda, Kazuo Kitamura, Akira Shiose, Yujiro Asada, Hideki Sumimoto, and Ryu Takeya

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4386-E4395; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1716498115
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    Molecular mechanism to recruit galectin-3 into multivesicular bodies for polarized exosomal secretion

    Sebastian Bänfer, Dominik Schneider, Jenny Dewes, Maximilian T. Strauss, Sven-A. Freibert, Thomas Heimerl, Uwe G. Maier, Hans-Peter Elsässer, Ralf Jungmann, and Ralf Jacob

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4396-E4405; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718921115
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    Spatial and temporal organization of cadherin in punctate adherens junctions

    Indrajyoti Indra, Jongho Choi, Chi-Shuo Chen, Regina B. Troyanovsky, Lawrence Shapiro, Barry Honig, and Sergey M. Troyanovsky

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4406-E4415; published ahead of print April 24, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720826115

• Ecology

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    Global peatland initiation driven by regionally asynchronous warming

    Paul J. Morris, Graeme T. Swindles, Paul J. Valdes, Ruza F. Ivanovic, Lauren J. Gregoire, Mark W. Smith, Lev Tarasov, Alan M. Haywood, and Karen L. Bacon

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4851-4856; published ahead of print April 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717838115
  • Open Access

    Inferring genetic connectivity in real populations, exemplified by coastal and oceanic Atlantic cod

    Ingrid Spies, Lorenz Hauser, Per Erik Jorde, Halvor Knutsen, André E. Punt, Lauren A. Rogers, and Nils Chr. Stenseth

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4945-4950; published ahead of print April 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800096115

• Environmental Sciences

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    Unexpected metabolic disorders induced by endocrine disruptors in Xenopus tropicalis provide new lead for understanding amphibian decline

    • From the Cover

    Christophe Regnault, Marie Usal, Sylvie Veyrenc, Karine Couturier, Cécile Batandier, Anne-Laure Bulteau, David Lejon, Alexandre Sapin, Bruno Combourieu, Maud Chetiveaux, Cédric Le May, Thomas Lafond, Muriel Raveton, and Stéphane Reynaud

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4416-E4425; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721267115

• Evolution

  • Open Access

    Environmental selection during the last ice age on the mother-to-infant transmission of vitamin D and fatty acids through breast milk

    Leslea J. Hlusko, Joshua P. Carlson, George Chaplin, Scott A. Elias, John F. Hoffecker, Michaela Huffman, Nina G. Jablonski, Tesla A. Monson, Dennis H. O’Rourke, Marin A. Pilloud, and G. Richard Scott

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4426-E4432; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711788115
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    Recurrent structural variation, clustered sites of selection, and disease risk for the complement factor H (CFH) gene family

    Stuart Cantsilieris, Bradley J. Nelson, John Huddleston, Carl Baker, Lana Harshman, Kelsi Penewit, Katherine M. Munson, Melanie Sorensen, AnneMarie E. Welch, Vy Dang, Felix Grassmann, Andrea J. Richardson, Robyn H. Guymer, Tina A. Graves-Lindsay, Richard K. Wilson, Bernhard H. F. Weber, Paul N. Baird, Rando Allikmets, and Evan E. Eichler

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4433-E4442; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717600115
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    Dome-headed, small-brained island mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Romania

    Zoltán Csiki-Sava, Mátyás Vremir, Jin Meng, Stephen L. Brusatte, and Mark A. Norell

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4857-4862; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801143115

• Genetics

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    Interdependent and separable functions of Caenorhabditis elegans MRN-C complex members couple formation and repair of meiotic DSBs

    Chloe Girard, Baptiste Roelens, Karl A. Zawadzki, and Anne M. Villeneuve

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4443-E4452; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719029115
  • Open Access

    Worldwide distribution of the DCDC2 READ1 regulatory element and its relationship with phoneme variation across languages

    Mellissa M. C. DeMille, Kevin Tang, Chintan M. Mehta, Christopher Geissler, Jeffrey G. Malins, Natalie R. Powers, Beatrice M. Bowen, Andrew K. Adams, Dongnhu T. Truong, Jan C. Frijters, and Jeffrey R. Gruen

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4951-4956; published ahead of print April 16, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710472115
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    Polycomb protein SCML2 facilitates H3K27me3 to establish bivalent domains in the male germline

    So Maezawa, Kazuteru Hasegawa, Masashi Yukawa, Naoki Kubo, Akihiko Sakashita, Kris G. Alavattam, Ho-Su Sin, Andrey V. Kartashov, Hiroyuki Sasaki, Artem Barski, and Satoshi H. Namekawa

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4957-4962; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804512115

• Immunology and Inflammation

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    Induction of antitumor cytotoxic lymphocytes using engineered human primary blood dendritic cells

    Long Wu, Huan Zhang, Yixing Jiang, Robert C. Gallo, and Hua Cheng

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4453-E4462; published ahead of print April 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800550115

• Medical Sciences

  • Open Access

    Fully reduced HMGB1 accelerates the regeneration of multiple tissues by transitioning stem cells to G_Alert

    Geoffrey Lee, Ana Isabel Espirito Santo, Stefan Zwingenberger, Lawrence Cai, Thomas Vogl, Marc Feldmann, Nicole J. Horwood, James K. Chan, and Jagdeep Nanchahal

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4463-E4472; published ahead of print April 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802893115
  • Open Access

    Systemic surfaceome profiling identifies target antigens for immune-based therapy in subtypes of advanced prostate cancer

    John K. Lee, Nathanael J. Bangayan, Timothy Chai, Bryan A. Smith, Tiffany E. Pariva, Sangwon Yun, Ajay Vashisht, Qingfu Zhang, Jung Wook Park, Eva Corey, Jiaoti Huang, Thomas G. Graeber, James Wohlschlegel, and Owen N. Witte

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4473-E4482; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802354115
  • Open Access

    Iron promotes oxidative cell death caused by bisretinoids of retina

    Keiko Ueda, Hye Jin Kim, Jin Zhao, Ying Song, Joshua L. Dunaief, and Janet R. Sparrow

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4963-4968; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722601115
  • Open Access

    Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting MYCN-positive liver cancer stem cells with acyclic retinoid

    Xian-Yang Qin, Harukazu Suzuki, Masao Honda, Hikari Okada, Shuichi Kaneko, Ikuyo Inoue, Etsuko Ebisui, Kosuke Hashimoto, Piero Carninci, Keita Kanki, Hideki Tatsukawa, Naoto Ishibashi, Takahiro Masaki, Tomokazu Matsuura, Hiroyuki Kagechika, Kan Toriguchi, Etsuro Hatano, Yohei Shirakami, Goshi Shiota, Masahito Shimizu, Hisataka Moriwaki, and Soichi Kojima

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4969-4974; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1802279115
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    COBLL1 modulates cell morphology and facilitates androgen receptor genomic binding in advanced prostate cancer

    Ken-ichi Takayama, Takashi Suzuki, Tetsuya Fujimura, Satoru Takahashi, and Satoshi Inoue

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4975-4980; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721957115

• Microbiology

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    Reduction in adaptor amounts establishes degradation hierarchy among protease substrates

    Jinki Yeom, Xiaohui Gao, and Eduardo A. Groisman

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4483-E4492; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722246115
  • Open Access

    Coupling MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry protein and specialized metabolite analyses to rapidly discriminate bacterial function

    Chase M. Clark, Maria S. Costa, Laura M. Sanchez, and Brian T. Murphy

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4981-4986; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801247115
  • Open Access

    One prophage WO gene rescues cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila melanogaster

    J. Dylan Shropshire, Jungmin On, Emily M. Layton, Helen Zhou, and Seth R. Bordenstein

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4987-4991; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800650115
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    Superresolution microscopy reveals structural mechanisms driving the nanoarchitecture of a viral chromatin tether

    • From the Cover

    Margaret J. Grant, Matthew S. Loftus, Aiola P. Stoja, Dean H. Kedes, and M. Mitchell Smith

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4992-4997; published ahead of print April 2, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721638115
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    Suppression of costimulation by human cytomegalovirus promotes evasion of cellular immune defenses

    Eddie C. Y. Wang, Mariana Pjechova, Katie Nightingale, Virginia-Maria Vlahava, Mihil Patel, Eva Ruckova, Simone K. Forbes, Luis Nobre, Robin Antrobus, Dawn Roberts, Ceri A. Fielding, Sepehr Seirafian, James Davies, Isa Murrell, Betty Lau, Gavin S. Wilkie, Nicolás M. Suárez, Richard J. Stanton, Borivoj Vojtesek, Andrew Davison, Paul J. Lehner, Michael P. Weekes, Gavin W. G. Wilkinson, and Peter Tomasec

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 4998-5003; published ahead of print April 24, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1720950115

• Neuroscience

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    Descending pathway facilitates undulatory wave propagation in Caenorhabditis elegans through gap junctions

    Tianqi Xu, Jing Huo, Shuai Shao, Michelle Po, Taizo Kawano, Yangning Lu, Min Wu, Mei Zhen, and Quan Wen

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4493-E4502; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717022115
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    Control of motor coordination by astrocytic tonic GABA release through modulation of excitation/inhibition balance in cerebellum

    Junsung Woo, Joo Ok Min, Dae-Si Kang, Yoo Sung Kim, Guk Hwa Jung, Hyun Jung Park, Sunpil Kim, Heeyoung An, Jea Kwon, Jeongyeon Kim, Insop Shim, Hyung-Gun Kim, C. Justin Lee, and Bo-Eun Yoon

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5004-5009; published ahead of print April 24, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1721187115
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    Spatiotemporal encoding of search strategies by prefrontal neurons

    Feng-Kuei Chiang and Joni D. Wallis

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5010-5015; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805044115

• Pharmacology

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    Lifetime of muscarinic receptor–G-protein complexes determines coupling efficiency and G-protein subtype selectivity

    Olga S. Ilyaskina, Horst Lemoine, and Moritz Bünemann

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5016-5021; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715751115
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    Synaptic adhesion protein ELFN1 is a selective allosteric modulator of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in trans

    Henry A. Dunn, Dipak N. Patil, Yan Cao, Cesare Orlandi, and Kirill A. Martemyanov

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5022-5027; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1722498115

• Plant Biology

  • Open Access

    ZINC-FINGER interactions mediate transcriptional regulation of hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis

    Giorgio Perrella, Mhairi L. H. Davidson, Liz O’Donnell, Ana-Marie Nastase, Pawel Herzyk, Ghislain Breton, Jose L. Pruneda-Paz, Steve A. Kay, Joanne Chory, and Eirini Kaiserli

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4503-E4511; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718099115
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    An atypical N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor enables the viability of nematode-resistant Rhg1 soybeans

    Adam M. Bayless, Ryan W. Zapotocny, Derrick J. Grunwald, Kaela K. Amundson, Brian W. Diers, and Andrew F. Bent

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4512-E4521; published ahead of print April 25, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1717070115
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    Abscisic acid-induced degradation of Arabidopsis guanine nucleotide exchange factor requires calcium-dependent protein kinases

    Zixing Li, Yohei Takahashi, Alexander Scavo, Benjamin Brandt, Desiree Nguyen, Philippe Rieu, and Julian I. Schroeder

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4522-E4531; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719659115

• Population Biology

  • Open Access

    Combining population genomics and fitness QTLs to identify the genetics of local adaptation in Arabidopsis thaliana

    Nicholas Price, Brook T. Moyers, Lua Lopez, Jesse R. Lasky, J. Grey Monroe, Jack L. Mullen, Christopher G. Oakley, Junjiang Lin, Jon Ågren, Daniel R. Schrider, Andrew D. Kern, and John K. McKay

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5028-5033; published ahead of print April 23, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719998115
  • Open Access

    Hybridization and gene flow in the mega-pest lineage of moth, Helicoverpa

    • From the Cover

    Craig J. Anderson, John G. Oakeshott, Wee Tek Tay, Karl H. J. Gordon, Andreas Zwick, and Tom K. Walsh

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) 5034-5039; published ahead of print April 2, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718831115

• Psychological and Cognitive Sciences

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    Cognitive underpinnings of nationalistic ideology in the context of Brexit

    Leor Zmigrod, Peter J. Rentfrow, and Trevor W. Robbins

    PNAS May 8, 2018 115 (19) E4532-E4540; published ahead of print April 19, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708960115