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Edited by Lisa Tauxe, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, and approved April 6, 2018 (received for review January 16, 2018)
Significance
Rhythmic climate cycles of various assumed frequencies recorded in sedimentary archives are increasingly used to construct a continuous geologic timescale. However, the age range of valid theoretical orbital solutions is limited to only the past 50 million years. New U–Pb zircon dates from the Chinle Formation tied using magnetostratigraphy to the Newark–Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity timescale provide empirical confirmation that the unimodal 405-kiloyear orbital eccentricity cycle reliably paces Earth’s climate back to at least 215 million years ago, well back in the Late Triassic Period.
Abstract
The Newark–Hartford astrochronostratigraphic polarity timescale (APTS) was developed using a theoretically constant 405-kiloyear eccentricity cycle linked to gravitational interactions with Jupiter–Venus as a tuning target and provides a major timing calibration for about 30 million years of Late Triassic and earliest Jurassic time. While the 405-ky cycle is both unimodal and the most metronomic of the major orbital cycles thought to pace Earth’s climate in numerical solutions, there has been little empirical confirmation of that behavior, especially back before the limits of orbital solutions at about 50 million years before present. Moreover, the APTS is anchored only at its younger end by U–Pb zircon dates at 201.6 million years before present and could even be missing a number of 405-ky cycles. To test the validity of the dangling APTS and orbital periodicities, we recovered a diagnostic magnetic polarity sequence in the volcaniclastic-bearing Chinle Formation in a scientific drill core from Petrified Forest National Park (Arizona) that provides an unambiguous correlation to the APTS. New high precision U–Pb detrital zircon dates from the core are indistinguishable from ages predicted by the APTS back to 215 million years before present. The agreement shows that the APTS is continuous and supports a stable 405-kiloyear cycle well beyond theoretical solutions. The validated Newark–Hartford APTS can be used as a robust framework to help differentiate provinciality from global temporal patterns in the ecological rise of early dinosaurs in the Late Triassic, amongst other problems.
Footnotes
- ↵1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: dvk{at}rutgers.edu.
Author contributions: D.V.K. and P.E.O. designed research; D.V.K., P.E.O., C.R., C.L., R.M., R.B.I., J.W.G., and W.G.P. performed research; R.B.I. and J.W.G. assisted in recovery and description of core; R.B.I. and W.G.P. provided regional geologic context; W.G.P. assisted in providing access to the Petrified Forest National Park; D.V.K., C.R., R.M., G.E.G., and D.G. analyzed data; and D.V.K., P.E.O., and R.M. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
See Commentary on page 6104.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1800891115/-/DCSupplemental.
Published under the PNAS license.
Empirical evidence for stability of the 405-kiloyear Jupiter–Venus eccentricity cycle over hundreds of millions of years
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