Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Special Feature Articles - Most Recent
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • List of Issues
  • Front Matter
    • Front Matter Portal
    • Journal Club
  • News
    • For the Press
    • This Week In PNAS
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • Fees and Licenses
  • Submit
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Accessibility Statement
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Home
Home
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Special Feature Articles - Most Recent
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • List of Issues
  • Front Matter
    • Front Matter Portal
    • Journal Club
  • News
    • For the Press
    • This Week In PNAS
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • Fees and Licenses
  • Submit
Research Article

Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

View ORCID ProfileBernt Bratsberg and View ORCID ProfileOle Rogeberg
  1. aRagnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway

See allHide authors and affiliations

PNAS June 26, 2018 115 (26) 6674-6678; first published June 11, 2018; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718793115
Bernt Bratsberg
aRagnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Bernt Bratsberg
Ole Rogeberg
aRagnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Ole Rogeberg
  • For correspondence: ole.rogeberg@frisch.uio.no
  1. Edited by Richard E. Nisbett, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and approved May 14, 2018 (received for review October 27, 2017)

  • Article
  • Figures & SI
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Online Impact

 

Article Information

vol. 115 no. 26 6674-6678
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718793115
PubMed: 
29891660

Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Published in issue June 26, 2018.
  • Published first June 11, 2018.

Article Versions

  • Previous version (June 11, 2018 - 11:54).
  • You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
Copyright & Usage: 
© 2018 Published under the PNAS license.

Author Information

  1. Bernt Bratsberga,1 and
  2. Ole Rogeberga,1,2
  1. aRagnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research, 0349 Oslo, Norway
  1. Edited by Richard E. Nisbett, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, and approved May 14, 2018 (received for review October 27, 2017)

Footnotes

  • ↵1B.B. and O.R. contributed equally to this work.

  • ↵2To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: ole.rogeberg{at}frisch.uio.no.
  • Author contributions: B.B. and O.R. designed research, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no conflict of interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1718793115/-/DCSupplemental.

Cited By...

  • 24 Citations
  • 28 Citations
  • Google Scholar

This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

  • Influence of young adult cognitive ability and additional education on later-life cognition
    William S. Kremen, Asad Beck, Jeremy A. Elman, Daniel E. Gustavson, Chandra A. Reynolds, Xin M. Tu, Mark E. Sanderson-Cimino, Matthew S. Panizzon, Eero Vuoksimaa, Rosemary Toomey, Christine Fennema-Notestine, Donald J. Hagler, Bin Fang, Anders M. Dale, Michael J. Lyons, Carol E. Franz
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019 116 6
  • Toward a more humane genetics education: Learning about the social and quantitative complexities of human genetic variation research could reduce racial bias in adolescent and adult populations
    Brian M. Donovan, Rob Semmens, Phillip Keck, Elizabeth Brimhall, K. C. Busch, Monica Weindling, Alex Duncan, Molly Stuhlsatz, Zoë Buck Bracey, Mark Bloom, Susan Kowalski, Brae Salazar
    Science Education 2019 103 3
  • Cognitive ability and fertility among Swedish men born 1951–1967: evidence from military conscription registers
    Martin Kolk, Kieron Barclay
    Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2019 286 1902
  • Editorial: Aging in the Digital Era
    Carmen Moret-Tatay, Mike Murphy
    Frontiers in Psychology 2019 10
  • Why Real-World Problems Go Unresolved and What We Can Do about It: Inferences from a Limited-Resource Model of Successful Intelligence
    Robert Sternberg
    Journal of Intelligence 2018 6 3
  • Genomics literacy matters: Supporting the development of genomics literacy through genetics education could reduce the prevalence of genetic essentialism
    Brian M. Donovan, Monica Weindling, Brae Salazar, Alex Duncan, Molly Stuhlsatz, Phillip Keck
    Journal of Research in Science Teaching 2021 58 4
  • The Flynn effect for fluid IQ may not generalize to all ages or ability levels: A population-based study of 10,000 US adolescents
    Jonathan M. Platt, Katherine M. Keyes, Katie A. McLaughlin, Alan S. Kaufman
    Intelligence 2019 77
  • Technological Literacy for Democracy: a Cost-Benefit Analysis
    Manuel Carabantes
    Philosophy & Technology 2020
  • Nicotinamide’s Ups and Downs: Consequences for Fertility, Development, Longevity and Diseases of Poverty and Affluence
    Adrian C Williams, Lisa J Hill
    International Journal of Tryptophan Research 2018 11
  • Socioeconomic inequality and regional disparities in educational achievement: The role of relative poverty
    Vittorio Daniele
    Intelligence 2021 84
  • Street smarts
    Devin Sanchez Curry
    Synthese 2020
  • A final reply to te Nijenhuis et al. (2019)
    James R. Flynn
    Journal of Biosocial Science 2019 51 6
  • Cognitive functioning throughout adulthood and illness stages in individuals with psychotic disorders and their unaffected siblings
    Eva Velthorst, Josephine Mollon, Robin M. Murray, Lieuwe de Haan, Inez Myin Germeys, David C. Glahn, Celso Arango, Els van der Ven, Marta Di Forti, Miguel Bernardo, Sinan Guloksuz, Philippe Delespaul, Gisela Mezquida, Silvia Amoretti, Julio Bobes, Pilar A. Saiz, María Paz García-Portilla, José Luis Santos, Estela Jiménez-López, Julio Sanjuan, Eduardo J. Aguilar, Manuel Arrojo, Angel Carracedo, Gonzalo López, Javier González-Peñas, Mara Parellada, Cem Atbaşoğlu, Meram Can Saka, Alp Üçok, Köksal Alptekin, Berna Akdede, Tolga Binbay, Vesile Altınyazar, Halis Ulaş, Berna Yalınçetin, Güvem Gümüş-Akay, Burçin Cihan Beyaz, Haldun Soygür, Eylem Şahin Cankurtaran, Semra Ulusoy Kaymak, Nadja P. Maric, Marina M. Mihaljevic, Sanja Andric Petrovic, Tijana Mirjanic, Cristina Marta Del-Ben, Laura Ferraro, Charlotte Gayer-Anderson, Peter B. Jones, Hannah E. Jongsma, James B. Kirkbride, Caterina La Cascia, Antonio Lasalvia, Sarah Tosato, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Paulo Rossi Menezes, Craig Morgan, Diego Quattrone, Marco Menchetti, Jean-Paul Selten, Andrei Szöke, Ilaria Tarricone, Andrea Tortelli, Philip McGuire, Lucia Valmaggia, Matthew J. Kempton, Mark van der Gaag, Anita Riecher-Rössler, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Barnaby Nelson, Patrick McGorry, Chris Pantelis, Marie-Odile Krebs, Stephan Ruhrmann, Gabriele Sachs, Bart P. F. Rutten, Jim van Os, Behrooz Z. Alizadeh, Therese van Amelsvoort, Agna A. Bartels-Velthuis, Richard Bruggeman, Nico J. van Beveren, Jurjen J. Luykx, Wiepke Cahn, Claudia J. P. Simons, Rene S. Kahn, Frederike Schirmbeck, Ruud van Winkel, Abraham Reichenberg
    Molecular Psychiatry 2021
  • Cohort differences on the CVLT-II and CVLT3: Evidence of a negative Flynn effect on the attention/working memory and learning trials
    Lisa V. Graves, Lisa Drozdick, Troy Courville, Thomas J. Farrer, Paul E. Gilbert, Dean C. Delis
    The Clinical Neuropsychologist 2021 35 3
  • Evolution, Development and Complexity
    Valerie Gremillion
    2019
  • Flynn- und Anti-Flynn-Effekt
    Sprache · Stimme · Gehör 2020 44 03
  • Flynn-effekten i Norge og andre land: Praktiske implikasjoner og teoretiske spørsmål [The Flynn effect in Norway and other countries: Practical implications and theoretical issues]
    Olav Storsve, Jon Martin Sundet, Tore M. Torjussen, Ole Christian Lang-Ree
    Scandinavian Psychologist 2018 5
  • From Basic to Humane Genomics Literacy
    Brian M. Donovan, Monica Weindling, Dennis M. Lee
    Science & Education 2020 29 6
  • Kids These Days! Increasing delay of gratification ability over the past 50 years in children
    John Protzko
    Intelligence 2020 80
  • Life cycle patterns of cognitive performance over the long run
    Anthony Strittmatter, Uwe Sunde, Dainis Zegners
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2020 117 44
  • Modernity and Cultural Decline
    Matthew Alexandar Sarraf, Michael Anthony Woodley of Menie, Colin Feltham
    2019
  • No negative Flynn effect in France: Why variations of intelligence should not be assessed using tests based on cultural knowledge
    Corentin Gonthier, Jacques Grégoire, Maud Besançon
    Intelligence 2021 84
  • Teacher Preferences, Working Conditions, and Compensation Structure
    Andrew C. Johnston
    SSRN Electronic Journal 2020
  • The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Aging
    Anders M. Fjell, Kristine B. Walhovd
    2020
  • The Cambridge Handbook of Intelligence
    James R. Flynn
    2019
  • The Norwegian Armed Forces Health Registry conscription board health examinations 1968–2018
    Elin A. Fadum, Leif AA. Strand, Inger Rudvin, Mari L. Hæreid, Einar K. Borud
    Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 2020
  • The unknown and the horrific in the appearance of evil: On the borderline of presence and absence in transference and countertransference relationships
    Carla Weber
    International Forum of Psychoanalysis 2020 29 3
  • Why the tall-poppy syndrome is becoming worse in the creative professions / Razones por las que el síndrome de la amapola alta es cada vez más acentuado en las profesiones creativas
    Robert J. Sternberg
    Estudios de Psicología 2019 40 3

Article usage

Article usage: June 2018 to April 2021

AbstractFullPdf
Jun 201813303544001352
Jul 2018208161332280
Aug 2018852828794
Sep 20188711325102
Oct 20184714468130
Nov 2018260032180
Dec 2018180762386
Total 201818021177562124
Jan 2019343344355
Feb 2019753139301
Mar 2019673245470
Apr 2019522355254
May 20192348442096
Jun 2019163653725
Jul 2019272614491
Aug 2019312228332
Sep 2019282402253
Oct 2019182859325
Nov 2019132789405
Dec 201963554378
Total 2019390370266385
Jan 202062875281
Feb 2020103213269
Mar 202082923319
Apr 202052751666
May 2020133493584
Jun 202083495352
Jul 202055472581
Aug 202032847272
Sep 2020113359329
Oct 2020454512378
Nov 2020584386416
Dec 2020585565531
Total 2020230448914978
Jan 2021104383379
Feb 202183310317
Mar 2021195681451
Apr 202132183201
Total 202140155571348
Total18087110523014835
PreviousNext
Back to top
Article Alerts
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PNAS.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused
(Your Name) has sent you a message from PNAS
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the PNAS web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused
Bernt Bratsberg, Ole Rogeberg
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jun 2018, 115 (26) 6674-6678; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718793115

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Request Permissions
Share
Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused
Bernt Bratsberg, Ole Rogeberg
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jun 2018, 115 (26) 6674-6678; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718793115
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Mendeley logo Mendeley

Article Classifications

  • Social Sciences
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 115 (26)
Table of Contents

Submit

Sign up for Article Alerts

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Materials and Methods
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & SI
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

You May Also be Interested in

Water from a faucet fills a glass.
News Feature: How “forever chemicals” might impair the immune system
Researchers are exploring whether these ubiquitous fluorinated molecules might worsen infections or hamper vaccine effectiveness.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Dmitry Naumov.
Reflection of clouds in the still waters of Mono Lake in California.
Inner Workings: Making headway with the mysteries of life’s origins
Recent experiments and simulations are starting to answer some fundamental questions about how life came to be.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Radoslaw Lecyk.
Cave in coastal Kenya with tree growing in the middle.
Journal Club: Small, sharp blades mark shift from Middle to Later Stone Age in coastal Kenya
Archaeologists have long tried to define the transition between the two time periods.
Image credit: Ceri Shipton.
Illustration of groups of people chatting
Exploring the length of human conversations
Adam Mastroianni and Daniel Gilbert explore why conversations almost never end when people want them to.
Listen
Past PodcastsSubscribe
Panda bear hanging in a tree
How horse manure helps giant pandas tolerate cold
A study finds that giant pandas roll in horse manure to increase their cold tolerance.
Image credit: Fuwen Wei.

Similar Articles

Site Logo
Powered by HighWire
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • RSS Feeds
  • Email Alerts

Articles

  • Current Issue
  • Special Feature Articles – Most Recent
  • List of Issues

PNAS Portals

  • Anthropology
  • Chemistry
  • Classics
  • Front Matter
  • Physics
  • Sustainability Science
  • Teaching Resources

Information

  • Authors
  • Editorial Board
  • Reviewers
  • Subscribers
  • Librarians
  • Press
  • Cozzarelli Prize
  • Site Map
  • PNAS Updates
  • FAQs
  • Accessibility Statement
  • Rights & Permissions
  • About
  • Contact

Feedback    Privacy/Legal

Copyright © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. Online ISSN 1091-6490