Acquisition of citizenship may be viewed as an end point of immigrant integration, but recent research suggests that early naturalization catalyzes further incorporation (1, 2). In the United States, naturalized citizens acquire legal advantages, including protection from deportation; broader rights in the judicial system; greater access to social benefits; the ability to vote and travel on a US passport; and eligibility for certain jobs in government, the military, and the defense industry (3). Advantages may also extend beyond formal law, providing new citizens with a stronger sense of social standing and signaling inclusion to would-be employers, landlords, and others, dynamics that may translate into higher wages, stronger national identity, and more democratic participation (4). Thus, for policy makers, evidence that refugees acquire US citizenship quickly and at high rates not only provides evidence of integration but also raises the possibility of other long-term positive effects (5). Methodologically, the research by Mossaad et al. (5) highlights the value of data partnerships. Theoretically, the findings open a conversation to view naturalization as an outcome of migrant–host society partnership.
In 1985, the National Academies investigated the US government’s immigration data collection and prospects for evidence-based analysis of integration (6). The report’s subtitle, “A Story of Neglect,” communicates its major findings that “inadequate, incomplete and often unreliable information” means that “policy has been made in a data vacuum.” Internal data quality has improved, but 30 y later, the National Academies again called on the US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) to improve data quality and, especially, access (3). Independent analyses of immigrant integration have been hampered by an almost impenetrable administrative wall shutting microdata collected by the Immigration and Naturalization Service and USCIS away from nonagency staff, with only a handful of exceptions (7). The immigration data wall has forced researchers …
↵1Email: bloemr{at}berkeley.edu.
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