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Colloquium Paper

Cultural impediments to learning to cooperate: An experimental study of high- and low-caste men in rural India

Benjamin A. Brooks, Karla Hoff, and Priyanka Pandey
  1. aDepartment of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
  2. bDevelopment Research Group, The World Bank, Washington DC 20433;
  3. cEducation Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433

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PNAS November 6, 2018 115 (45) 11385-11392; first published November 5, 2018; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1804639115
Benjamin A. Brooks
aDepartment of Economics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
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Karla Hoff
bDevelopment Research Group, The World Bank, Washington DC 20433;
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  • For correspondence: khoff@worldbank.org
Priyanka Pandey
cEducation Global Practice, The World Bank, Washington, DC 20433
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  1. Edited by Joseph Henrich, Harvard University, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Susan A. Gelman September 25, 2018 (received for review June 1, 2018)

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    Fig. 1.

    Payoffs in the Stag Hunt.

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    Fig. 2.

    Results of the Stag Hunt. An expansion of the black bars across periods suggests the emergence of the cooperative convention. An expansion of the white bars suggests the emergence of the noncooperative convention.

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    Table 1.

    Probit regressions of the likelihood of playing Stag

    Dependent variable: probability of playing Stag (relative to a player in an LL pair)
    If the outcome in the preceding period was
    Initial periodStag/StagStag/HareHare/StagHare/Hare
    Independent variable12345678910
    HH−0.135 (0.0735)−0.135 (0.0890)0.0194 (0.0466)0.0303 (0.0385)−0.364** (0.110)−0.402** (0.115)−0.192 (0.107)−0.140 (0.123)−0.233 (0.190)−0.249 (0.189)
    H in LH−0.101 (0.102)−0.0947 (0.108)−0.000367 (0.0568)0.00553 (0.0620)−0.126 (0.129)−0.173 (0.131)−0.201* (0.0958)−0.128 (0.129)−0.0935 (0.217)−0.110 (0.209)
    L in LH0.0530 (0.0882)0.0984 (0.0973)0.0247 (0.0365)0.0116 (0.0387)0.0431 (0.119)0.0673 (0.117)−0.191 (0.117)−0.130 (0.130)0.0320 (0.169)0.00130 (0.160)
    Type0.356*** (0.0547)0.0969* (0.0443)−0.0176 (0.0647)0.177 (0.120)−0.107 (0.106)
    Land0.00592 (0.00405)−0.00154 (0.00241)0.00558 (0.00486)−0.00187 (0.00653)−0.00753 (0.00776)
    High school0.00595 (0.0799)0.00246 (0.0407)−0.0748 (0.0810)−0.0434 (0.103)−0.181 (0.122)
    Nonmud house0.0558 (0.0636)0.0224 (0.0482)0.0936 (0.0863)0.0391 (0.100)0.0492 (0.104)
    N242242452452181181181181154154
    Pseudo R20.0170.1010.0020.0300.0820.0910.0190.0360.0420.078
    • *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. Marginal effects are reported, with clustered standard errors (SEs) in parentheses. Columns 1 and 2 show the initial period of fixed pairings. The remaining columns show periods 2–5 and 7–10 conditional on the outcome in the preceding period of the fixed pairing. The preceding period outcomes Stag/Stag, Stag/Hare, Hare/Stag, and Hare/Hare mean that the player chose the first option and the partner chose the second. Type = 1 if the player played Stag in period 1 and the period is greater than 1; otherwise, type = 0. Players were organized into fixed pairs in groups of four, such that individuals A, B, C, and D were assigned to pairs A;B and C;D for periods 1–5 and to pairs A;C and B;D for periods 6–10. SEs are clustered by these four sets of players.

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Cultural impediments to learning to cooperate: An experimental study of high- and low-caste men in rural India
Benjamin A. Brooks, Karla Hoff, Priyanka Pandey
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2018, 115 (45) 11385-11392; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804639115

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Cultural impediments to learning to cooperate: An experimental study of high- and low-caste men in rural India
Benjamin A. Brooks, Karla Hoff, Priyanka Pandey
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2018, 115 (45) 11385-11392; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804639115
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