A group of evolutionary biologists sees evidence for a hologenome. Others dismiss it
entirely. One thing’s certain: The debate remains heated.
Image credit: Shutterstock/Piriya Gutsch.
New Research In
Physical Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
Biological Sciences
Featured Portals
Articles by Topic
Edited by Thomas D. Albright, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, and approved June 3, 2019 (received for review November 12, 2018)
Significance
We show evidence of a division of labor between neurons recorded within the superficial and deep layers of visual cortex in sensory coding and behavior. Neurons within the superficial layers of extrastriate area V4 outperformed their deep layer counterparts in coding the shape of visual stimuli, both in latency and accuracy. In contrast, neurons within the deep layers outperformed their superficial layer counterparts in the coding of selective attention and the planning of eye movements, particularly the latter. The results suggest that a general pattern may exist across sensory neocortex.
Abstract
Neurons in sensory areas of the neocortex are known to represent information both about sensory stimuli and behavioral state, but how these 2 disparate signals are integrated across cortical layers is poorly understood. To study this issue, we measured the coding of visual stimulus orientation and of behavioral state by neurons within superficial and deep layers of area V4 in monkeys while they covertly attended or prepared eye movements to visual stimuli. We show that whereas single neurons and neuronal populations in the superficial layers conveyed more information about the orientation of visual stimuli than neurons in deep layers, the opposite was true of information about the behavioral relevance of those stimuli. In particular, deep layer neurons encoded greater information about the direction of planned eye movements than superficial neurons. These results suggest a division of labor between cortical layers in the coding of visual input and visually guided behavior.
Footnotes
↵1Present address: Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003.
↵2Present address: Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
- ↵3To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: tirin{at}stanford.edu.
Author contributions: N.A.S. and T.M. designed research; N.A.S. performed research; W.W.P. and N.A.S. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; W.W.P., N.A.S., and T.M. analyzed data; and W.W.P., N.A.S., and T.M. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1819398116/-/DCSupplemental.
Published under the PNAS license.
References
Log in using your username and password
Purchase access
You may purchase access to this article. This will require you to create an account if you don't already have one.
Laminar segregation of sensory coding and behavioral readout in macaque V4
Sign up for Article Alerts
Article Classifications
- Biological Sciences
- Neuroscience
- Social Sciences
- Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
Jump to section
You May Also be Interested in
Chemical evidence suggests ritual use of psychoactive plants used to brew ayahuasca in pre-Columbian Bolivia.
Image courtesy of Juan Albarracin-Jordan and José M. Capriles.
Researchers present evidence of Neolithic kinship and violence based on remains from a mass grave in Poland.
Image courtesy of Piotr Włodarczak.
Volume of cosmonauts’ brain ventricles increased by an average of 12% after spaceflight—a potential mechanism to cope with increased brain fluid volume, a study suggests.
Image courtesy of R. Maxine Rühl.
PNAS Profile of NAS member and cell biologist Junying Yuan
Image courtesy of Aaron Washington for Harvard Medical School.