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Research Article

Challenging battles of plants with phloem-feeding insects and prokaryotic pathogens

Yanjuan Jiang, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Rongzhi Chen, and Sheng Yang He
PNAS November 19, 2019 116 (47) 23390-23397; first published November 11, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915396116
Yanjuan Jiang
aCAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;bCenter of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China;cDepartment of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;dHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;
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  • For correspondence: jyj@xtbg.org.cn hes@msu.edu
Chuan-Xi Zhang
eState Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
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Rongzhi Chen
fState Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China;
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Sheng Yang He
cDepartment of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;dHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;gDepartment of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824;hPlant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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  • For correspondence: jyj@xtbg.org.cn hes@msu.edu
  1. Contributed by Sheng Yang He, October 14, 2019 (sent for review September 5, 2019; reviewed by Ian T. Baldwin and Gitta Coaker)

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    - Nov 19, 2019
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Significance

Piercing-sucking insects and phloem-inhabiting prokaryotic pathogens contribute to some of the world’s most disastrous crop losses, including those caused by the brown plant hopper in rice or citrus greening in citrus. For historic and technical reasons, our knowledge of phloem–insect/pathogen interactions remains fragmentary. We highlight recent progress and areas of deficiency in the study of phloem-associated prokaryotic pathogens and insects. Increased efforts are needed to make major advances in this historically understudied area of research.

Abstract

For the past 4 decades, intensive molecular studies of mostly leaf mesophyll cell-infecting pathogens and chewing insects have led to compelling models of plant–pathogen and plant–insect interactions. Yet, some of the most devastating pathogens and insect pests live in or feed on the phloem, a systemic tissue belonging to the plant vascular system. Phloem tissues are difficult to study, and phloem-inhabiting pathogens are often impossible to culture, thus limiting our understanding of phloem–insect/pathogen interactions at a molecular level. In this Perspective, we highlight recent literature that reports significant advances in the understanding of phloem interactions with insects and prokaryotic pathogens and attempt to identify critical questions that need attention for future research. It is clear that study of phloem–insect/pathogen interactions represents an exciting frontier of plant science, and influx of new scientific expertise and funding is crucial to achieve faster progress in this important area of research that is integral to global food security.

  • plant immunity
  • insect pest
  • plant pathogen
  • planthopper
  • citrus greening

Footnotes

  • ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jyj{at}xtbg.org.cn or hes{at}msu.edu.
  • This contribution is part of the special series of Inaugural Articles by members of the National Academy of Sciences elected in 2015.

  • Author contributions: Y.J. and S.Y.H. designed research; Y.J. and S.Y.H. analyzed data; and Y.J., C.-X.Z., R.C., and S.Y.H. wrote the paper.

  • Reviewers: I.T.B., Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology (MPG); and G.C., University of California, Davis.

  • The authors declare no competing interest.

  • See QnAs on page 23371.

  • This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1915396116/-/DCSupplemental.

Published under the PNAS license.

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Challenging battles of plants with phloem-feeding insects and prokaryotic pathogens
Yanjuan Jiang, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Rongzhi Chen, Sheng Yang He
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2019, 116 (47) 23390-23397; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915396116

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Challenging battles of plants with phloem-feeding insects and prokaryotic pathogens
Yanjuan Jiang, Chuan-Xi Zhang, Rongzhi Chen, Sheng Yang He
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2019, 116 (47) 23390-23397; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915396116
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Article Classifications

  • Biological Sciences
  • Plant Biology

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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Major Phloem-Feeding Organisms
    • Plant Defense against Phloem-Feeding Insects and Pathogens
    • Subversion of Phloem Functions by Phloem-Feeding Insects and Prokaryotic Pathogens
    • Conclusion and Outlook
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