Pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition of a charge-ordered indium halide perovskite

Jia Lin; Hong Chen; Yang Gao; Yao Cai; Jianbo Jin; Ahmed S. Etman; Joohoon Kang; Teng Lei; Zhenni Lin; Maria C. Folgueras; Li Na Quan; Qiao Kong; Matthew Sherburne; Mark Asta; Junliang Sun; Michael F. Toney; Junqiao Wu; Peidong Yang

doi:10.1073/pnas.1907576116

New Research In

Contributed by Peidong Yang, September 21, 2019 (sent for review May 2, 2019; reviewed by Song Jin and Mercouri G. Kanatzidis)

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Significance

Metal halide perovskites attract great interest for a wide range of applications due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. The development of environmentally friendly halide perovskite materials with various crystal structures and compositions offers unprecedented opportunities to achieve desired properties and applications. In this work, we demonstrated an In-based, charge-ordered all-inorganic halide double perovskite with the composition of Cs₂In(I)In(III)Cl₆ synthesized by solid-state reaction. High-pressure optical properties were studied, and a pressure-driven, fully reversible semiconductor–metal phase transition was discovered. This In-based charge-ordered structure may inspire new understanding of halide perovskite as well as provide a platform for future discovery of exotic electronic phenomena such as high-T_C superconductivity in halide perovskite compounds.

Abstract

Phase transitions in halide perovskites triggered by external stimuli generate significantly different material properties, providing a great opportunity for broad applications. Here, we demonstrate an In-based, charge-ordered (In⁺/In³⁺) inorganic halide perovskite with the composition of Cs₂In(I)In(III)Cl₆ in which a pressure-driven semiconductor-to-metal phase transition exists. The single crystals, synthesized via a solid-state reaction method, crystallize in a distorted perovskite structure with space group I4/m with a = 17.2604(12) Å, c = 11.0113(16) Å if both the strong reflections and superstructures are considered. The supercell was further confirmed by rotation electron diffraction measurement. The pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition was demonstrated by high-pressure Raman and absorbance spectroscopies and was consistent with theoretical modeling. This type of charge-ordered inorganic halide perovskite with a pressure-induced semiconductor-to-metal phase transition may inspire a range of potential applications.

Footnotes

↵¹J.L., H.C., and Y.G. contributed equally to this work.
↵²To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: wuj{at}berkeley.edu or p_yang{at}berkeley.edu.

Author contributions: J.W. and P.Y. designed research; J.L., H.C., Y.G., Y.C., J.J., and A.S.E. performed research; J.L., H.C., Y.G., J.K., T.L., Z.L., M.C.F., L.N.Q., Q.K., M.S., M.A., J.S., and M.F.T. analyzed data; and J.L., H.C., Y.G., and P.Y. wrote the paper.
Reviewers: S.J., University of Wisconsin–Madison; and M.G.K., Northwestern University.
The authors declare no competing interest.
Data deposition: The crystallographic information file (CIF) reported in this paper has been deposited in Inorganic Crystal Structure Database (ICSD), https://icsd.fiz-karlsruhe.de/search (CSD no. 1955021). These data can be obtained free of charge via https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/structures/, or by emailing data_request{at}ccdc.cam.ac.uk.
This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1907576116/-/DCSupplemental.

Published under the PNAS license.

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