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Research Article

Multiscale porous elastomer substrates for multifunctional on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities

Yadong Xu, Bohan Sun, Yun Ling, Qihui Fei, Zanyu Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Peijun Guo, Nari Jeon, Shivam Goswami, Yixuan Liao, Shinghua Ding, Qingsong Yu, View ORCID ProfileJian Lin, Guoliang Huang, and Zheng Yan
  1. aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
  2. bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
  3. cMaterials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439

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PNAS January 7, 2020 117 (1) 205-213; first published December 23, 2019; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917762116
Yadong Xu
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Bohan Sun
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Yun Ling
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Qihui Fei
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Zanyu Chen
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Xiaopeng Li
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Peijun Guo
cMaterials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
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Nari Jeon
cMaterials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439
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Shivam Goswami
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Yixuan Liao
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Shinghua Ding
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Qingsong Yu
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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Jian Lin
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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  • ORCID record for Jian Lin
Guoliang Huang
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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  • For correspondence: huangg@missouri.edu yanzheng@missouri.edu
Zheng Yan
aDepartment of Biomedical, Biological, and Chemical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
bDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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  • For correspondence: huangg@missouri.edu yanzheng@missouri.edu
  1. Edited by John A. Rogers, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, and approved November 18, 2019 (received for review October 12, 2019)

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Significance

Point-of-care thermal management (e.g., joule heating, passive cooling) shows promising applications in body temperature regulations, which can improve human comfort and reduce energy consumption. On-skin electronics with joule-heating elements have been reported. However, the research of making on-skin electronics with passive-cooling functionalities is still rare. By using multiscale porous polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene as supporting substrates, we have developed multifunctional on-skin electronics with outstanding passive-cooling capabilities, delivering around 6 °C cooling effects under a solar intensity of 840 W⋅m−2. Other desired properties, rooted in porous SEBS substrates, include high breathability and outstanding waterproofing. In addition, a variety of bioelectronic devices are made on porous SEBS substrates via spray printing of silver nanowires (Ag NWs). The enabled devices demonstrate high performance and are recyclable.

Abstract

In addition to mechanical compliance, achieving the full potential of on-skin electronics needs the introduction of other features. For example, substantial progress has been achieved in creating biodegradable, self-healing, or breathable, on-skin electronics. However, the research of making on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities, which can reduce energy consumption and improve user comfort, is still rare. Herein, we report the development of multifunctional on-skin electronics, which can passively cool human bodies without needing any energy consumption. This property is inherited from multiscale porous polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-polystyrene (SEBS) supporting substrates. The multiscale pores of SEBS substrates, with characteristic sizes ranging from around 0.2 to 7 µm, can effectively backscatter sunlight to minimize heat absorption but are too small to reflect human-body midinfrared radiation to retain heat dissipation, thereby delivering around 6 °C cooling effects under a solar intensity of 840 W⋅m−2. Other desired properties, rooted in multiscale porous SEBS substrates, include high breathability and outstanding waterproofing. The proof-of-concept bioelectronic devices include electrophysiological sensors, temperature sensors, hydration sensors, pressure sensors, and electrical stimulators, which are made via spray printing of silver nanowires on multiscale porous SEBS substrates. The devices show comparable electrical performances with conventional, rigid, nonporous ones. Also, their applications in cuffless blood pressure measurement, interactive virtual reality, and human–machine interface are demonstrated. Notably, the enabled on-skin devices are dissolvable in several organic solvents and can be recycled to reduce electronic waste and manufacturing cost. Such on-skin electronics can serve as the basis for future multifunctional smart textiles with passive-cooling functionalities.

  • on-skin electronics
  • passive cooling
  • breathability
  • waterproof
  • recyclability

Footnotes

  • ↵1Y.X., B.S., and Y. Ling contributed equally to this work.

  • ↵2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: huangg{at}missouri.edu or yanzheng{at}missouri.edu.
  • Author contributions: Y.X., B.S., Y. Ling, G.H., and Z.Y. designed research; Y.X., B.S., Y. Ling, Q.F., Z.C., X.L., P.G., N.J., S.G., Y. Liao, S.D., Q.Y., and J.L. performed research; Y.X. and B.S. analyzed data; and Y.X., G.H., and Z.Y. wrote the paper.

  • The authors declare no competing interest.

  • This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.

  • This article contains supporting information online at https://www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1917762116/-/DCSupplemental.

Published under the PNAS license.

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Multiscale porous elastomer substrates for multifunctional on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities
Yadong Xu, Bohan Sun, Yun Ling, Qihui Fei, Zanyu Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Peijun Guo, Nari Jeon, Shivam Goswami, Yixuan Liao, Shinghua Ding, Qingsong Yu, Jian Lin, Guoliang Huang, Zheng Yan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2020, 117 (1) 205-213; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917762116

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Multiscale porous elastomer substrates for multifunctional on-skin electronics with passive-cooling capabilities
Yadong Xu, Bohan Sun, Yun Ling, Qihui Fei, Zanyu Chen, Xiaopeng Li, Peijun Guo, Nari Jeon, Shivam Goswami, Yixuan Liao, Shinghua Ding, Qingsong Yu, Jian Lin, Guoliang Huang, Zheng Yan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2020, 117 (1) 205-213; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1917762116
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 117 (1)
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Synthesis of Multifunctional SEBS Substrates with Multiscale Porous Structures
    • Spray Printing of Ag NWs on Prestretched Multiscale Porous SEBS Substrates
    • Multimodal On-Skin Electronics Based on Multiscale Porous SEBS and Spray-Printed Ag NWs
    • Demonstrations of Waterproof, Recyclability, and Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement
    • Control of a Virtual Character and a Quadcopter via Real-Time EMGs Recording
    • Conclusion
    • Materials and Methods
    • Acknowledgments
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