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Edited by Thomas E. Mallouk, University of Pennsylvania, University Park, PA, and approved September 21, 2020 (received for review July 2, 2020)
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Supporting Information
- Download Appendix (PDF)
- Download Movie_S01 (WMV) - Overall process of printing a 3D hydrogel structure from precursor through SLA printing. Molecular ferroelectric ImClO4 crystal is dissolved in water and mixed with PEGDA in the volume ratio of 9:1 to make the precursor. The pure precursor is transparent. Thus, we add yellow-colored dye to make the precursor yellow in color for recording the printing process. The ultraviolet (UV) light has a wavelength of 385 nm and the control of image projection was achieved through a dynamic micro-mirror device. The precursor was exposed to the UV light, and the PEGDA was then cross-linked to form the scaffold network with the encapsulated ions. As shown in the video, a complex geometric structure (Schwarz primitive structure, 25×25×25 mm3) can be printed in 8 minutes.
- Download Movie_S02 (WMV) - Self-healing process. Printed ImClO4 with internal cracks is immersed into ImClO4 solution. The printed ImClO4 expands with the formation of the hydrogel state containing Im+ and ClO4− ions. Well-crystalized printed ImClO4 can be obtained after performing the electric field assistant drying process (Fig. 1C).
- Download Movie_S03 (WMV) - Tunable elastic wave dispersion and frequency response in a simulated ferroelectric locally resonant metamaterial. The vibration response of the ferroelectric metamaterial is displayed for an excitation frequency of 810 Hz and simulated electric field strengths of 0, 300, 700, and 2000 V/cm applied around the metamaterial. Movie S3 displays an animated view of the displacement field for each electric field scenario, demonstrating the shift in frequency band gap and animating the metamaterial tunability instigated by the varying applied electric field.
A 3D-printed molecular ferroelectric metamaterial
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