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Research Article
The potential harms of the Tor anonymity network cluster disproportionately in free countries
View ORCID ProfileEric Jardine, View ORCID ProfileAndrew M. Lindner, and View ORCID ProfileGareth Owenson
PNAS December 15, 2020 117 (50) 31716-31721; first published November 30, 2020; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011893117
Eric Jardine
aDepartment of Political Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
Andrew M. Lindner
bDepartment of Sociology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866;
Gareth Owenson
cCyber Espion Ltd, Portsmouth PO2 0TP, United Kingdom
Edited by Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved October 23, 2020 (received for review June 10, 2020)

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vol. 117 no. 50 31716-31721
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- Published in issue December 15, 2020.
- Published first November 30, 2020.
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- Previous version (November 30, 2020 - 12:04).
- You are viewing the most recent version of this article.
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Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND).
Author Information
- aDepartment of Political Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061;
- bDepartment of Sociology, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866;
- cCyber Espion Ltd, Portsmouth PO2 0TP, United Kingdom
Edited by Douglas S. Massey, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, and approved October 23, 2020 (received for review June 10, 2020)
Footnotes
↵1E.J., A.M.L., and G.O. contributed equally to this work.
- ↵2To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: ejardine{at}vt.edu.
Author contributions: E.J., A.M.L., and G.O. designed research; E.J., A.M.L., and G.O. performed research; E.J., A.M.L., and G.O. analyzed data; E.J., A.M.L., and G.O. wrote the paper; and G.O. provided the data collection.
The authors declare no competing interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission.
Cited By...
This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.
- Matthew Ball, Roderic Broadhurst, Alexander Niven, Harshit TrivediSSRN Electronic Journal 2019
Article usage
The potential harms of the Tor anonymity network cluster disproportionately in free countries
Eric Jardine, Andrew M. Lindner, Gareth Owenson
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Dec 2020, 117 (50) 31716-31721; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011893117
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