An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19
- afast.ai, San Francisco, CA 94105;
- bData Institute, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105;
- cWarren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903;
- dCenter for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- eSchool of Information, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- fInstitute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic;
- gDepartment of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom;
- hTB Proof, Cape Town 7130, South Africa;
- iSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- jAnesthesia Informatics and Media Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- kDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- lDepartment of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- mComplex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China;
- nDepartment of Information Systems, Business Statistics and Operations Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- oDepartment of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- pPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- qData Umbrella, New York, NY 10031;
- rTeacher Education Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- sOpenAI, San Francisco, CA 94110;
- tDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
See allHide authors and affiliations
Edited by Lauren Ancel Meyers, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Nils C. Stenseth December 5, 2020 (received for review July 13, 2020)

Online Impact
Article Information
- Published in issue January 26, 2021.
- Published online January 11, 2021.
Author Information
- Jeremy Howarda,b,1,
- Austin Huangc,
- Zhiyuan Lid,
- Zeynep Tufekcie,
- Vladimir Zdimalf,
- Helene-Mari van der Westhuizeng,h,
- Arne von Delfth,i,
- Amy Pricej,
- Lex Fridmank,
- Lei-Han Tangl,m,
- Viola Tangn,
- Gregory L. Watsono,
- Christina E. Baxp,
- Reshama Shaikhq,
- Frederik Questierr,
- Danny Hernandezs,
- Larry F. Chuj,
- Christina M. Ramirezo, and
- Anne W. Rimoint
- afast.ai, San Francisco, CA 94105;
- bData Institute, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94105;
- cWarren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903;
- dCenter for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- eSchool of Information, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
- fInstitute of Chemical Process Fundamentals, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-165 02 Praha 6, Czech Republic;
- gDepartment of Primary Health Care Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom;
- hTB Proof, Cape Town 7130, South Africa;
- iSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
- jAnesthesia Informatics and Media Lab, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- kDepartment of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- lDepartment of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- mComplex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China;
- nDepartment of Information Systems, Business Statistics and Operations Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- oDepartment of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- pPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- qData Umbrella, New York, NY 10031;
- rTeacher Education Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- sOpenAI, San Francisco, CA 94110;
- tDepartment of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Edited by Lauren Ancel Meyers, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Nils C. Stenseth December 5, 2020 (received for review July 13, 2020)
Footnotes
- ↵1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jphoward{at}usfca.edu.
Author contributions: J.H., Z.L., H.-M.v.d.W., L.-H.T., V.T., R.S., and F.Q. designed research; J.H., A.H., Z.L., Z.T., H.-M.v.d.W., L.-H.T., V.T., R.S., and F.Q. performed research; J.H., A.H., Z.L., L.-H.T., V.T., F.Q., and C.M.R. analyzed data; and J.H., A.H., Z.L., Z.T., V.Z., H.-M.v.d.W., A.v.D., A.P., L.F., L.-H.T., V.T., G.L.W., C.E.B., R.S., F.Q., D.H., L.F.C., C.M.R., and A.W.R. wrote the paper.
The authors declare no competing interest.
This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. L.A.M. is a guest editor invited by the Editorial Board.
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