Skip to main content
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Latest Articles
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • Archive
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • Highlights from Latest Articles
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Purpose and Scope
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • For Reviewers
    • Author FAQ
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Home
Home

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Latest Articles
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • Archive
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • Highlights from Latest Articles
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Purpose and Scope
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • For Reviewers
    • Author FAQ

New Research In

Physical Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Applied Mathematics
  • Applied Physical Sciences
  • Astronomy
  • Computer Sciences
  • Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
  • Engineering
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Mathematics
  • Statistics

Social Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Anthropology
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Economic Sciences
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Political Sciences
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Social Sciences

Biological Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Agricultural Sciences
  • Anthropology
  • Applied Biological Sciences
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics and Computational Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Medical Sciences
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology
  • Plant Biology
  • Population Biology
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Sustainability Science
  • Systems Biology

Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging

S Ogawa, D W Tank, R Menon, J M Ellermann, S G Kim, H Merkle, and K Ugurbil
PNAS July 1, 1992 89 (13) 5951-5955; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951
S Ogawa
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
D W Tank
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
R Menon
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
J M Ellermann
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
S G Kim
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
H Merkle
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
K Ugurbil
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

We report that visual stimulation produces an easily detectable (5-20%) transient increase in the intensity of water proton magnetic resonance signals in human primary visual cortex in gradient echo images at 4-T magnetic-field strength. The observed changes predominantly occur in areas containing gray matter and can be used to produce high-spatial-resolution functional brain maps in humans. Reducing the image-acquisition echo time from 40 msec to 8 msec reduces the amplitude of the fractional signal change, suggesting that it is produced by a change in apparent transverse relaxation time T*2. The amplitude, sign, and echo-time dependence of these intrinsic signal changes are consistent with the idea that neural activation increases regional cerebral blood flow and concomitantly increases venous-blood oxygenation.

PreviousNext
Back to top
Article Alerts
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PNAS.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging
(Your Name) has sent you a message from PNAS
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the PNAS web site.
Citation Tools
Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging
S Ogawa, D W Tank, R Menon, J M Ellermann, S G Kim, H Merkle, K Ugurbil
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jul 1992, 89 (13) 5951-5955; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Request Permissions
Share
Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging
S Ogawa, D W Tank, R Menon, J M Ellermann, S G Kim, H Merkle, K Ugurbil
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jul 1992, 89 (13) 5951-5955; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.13.5951
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Mendeley logo Mendeley
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 116 (7)
Current Issue

Submit

Sign up for Article Alerts

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF

You May Also be Interested in

Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
Opinion: “Plan S” falls short for society publishers—and for the researchers they serve
Several aspects of the proposal, which aims to expand open access, require serious discussion and, in some cases, a rethink.
Image credit: Dave Cutler (artist).
Several large or long-lived animals seem strangely resistant to developing cancer. Elucidating the reasons why could lead to promising cancer-fighting strategies in humans.
Core Concept: Solving Peto’s Paradox to better understand cancer
Several large or long-lived animals seem strangely resistant to developing cancer. Elucidating the reasons why could lead to promising cancer-fighting strategies in humans.
Image credit: Shutterstock.com/ronnybas frimages.
Featured Profile
PNAS Profile of NAS member and biochemist Hao Wu
 Nonmonogamous strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio).  Image courtesy of Yusan Yang (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh).
Putative signature of monogamy
A study suggests a putative gene-expression hallmark common to monogamous male vertebrates of some species, namely cichlid fishes, dendrobatid frogs, passeroid songbirds, common voles, and deer mice, and identifies 24 candidate genes potentially associated with monogamy.
Image courtesy of Yusan Yang (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh).
Active lifestyles. Image courtesy of Pixabay/MabelAmber.
Meaningful life tied to healthy aging
Physical and social well-being in old age are linked to self-assessments of life worth, and a spectrum of behavioral, economic, health, and social variables may influence whether aging individuals believe they are leading meaningful lives.
Image courtesy of Pixabay/MabelAmber.

More Articles of This Classification

  • Simplified broken Lefschetz fibrations and trisections of 4-manifolds
  • Characterizing Dehn surgeries on links via trisections
  • Generalized trisections in all dimensions
Show more

Related Content

  • No related articles found.
  • Scopus
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited by...

  • Multilayer network switching rate predicts brain performance
  • Observing Action Sequences Elicits Sequence-Specific Neural Representations in Frontoparietal Brain Regions
  • MRI-based assessment of function and dysfunction in myelinated axons
  • Genetically defined cellular correlates of the baseline brain MRI signal
  • Fueling thought: Management of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in neuronal metabolism
  • A guide to using functional magnetic resonance imaging to study Alzheimer's disease in animal models
  • Inverted Encoding Models of Human Population Response Conflate Noise and Neural Tuning Width
  • Recruitment of Foveal Retinotopic Cortex During Haptic Exploration of Shapes and Actions in the Dark
  • Case for fMRI data repositories
  • Cluster failure: Why fMRI inferences for spatial extent have inflated false-positive rates
  • Molecular fMRI
  • Assessing the sensitivity of diffusion MRI to detect neuronal activity directly
  • Imaging the Neocortex Functional Architecture Using Multiple Intrinsic Signals: Implications for Hemodynamic-Based Functional Imaging
  • Frequency preference and attention effects across cortical depths in the human primary auditory cortex
  • IMAGING IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The use of functional MRI to study the endocrinology of appetite
  • Cerebrovascular Reactivity Mapping: An Evolving Standard for Clinical Functional Imaging
  • Cortical Correlates of Human Motion Perception Biases
  • Time-varying functional network information extracted from brief instances of spontaneous brain activity
  • Application of a Computerized Language Lateralization Index from fMRI by a Group of Clinical Neuroradiologists
  • Functional and Structural MR Imaging in Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Part 1: Imaging Techniques and Their Application in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease
  • Object Ensemble Processing in Human Anterior-Medial Ventral Visual Cortex
  • The Amplitude and Timing of the BOLD Signal Reflects the Relationship between Local Field Potential Power at Different Frequencies
  • Neuroradiology Back to the Future: Brain Imaging
  • Brain Activation During Working Memory Is Altered in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes During Hypoglycemia
  • Scratching Beneath the Surface: New Insights into the Functional Properties of the Lateral Occipital Area and Parahippocampal Place Area
  • Fluctuating and sensory-induced vasodynamics in rodent cortex extend arteriole capacity
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals the Neural Substrates of Arm Transport and Grip Formation in Reach-to-Grasp Actions in Humans
  • Nonlinear coupling between cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and ATP production in human visual cortex
  • Tactile Sensory and Pain Networks in the Human Spinal Cord and Brain Stem Mapped by Means of Functional MR Imaging
  • Transients may occur in functional magnetic resonance imaging without physiological basis
  • Spatiotemporal precision and hemodynamic mechanism of optical point spreads in alert primates
  • A Paradigm Shift in Functional Brain Imaging
  • Disruption of Functional Connectivity in Clinically Normal Older Adults Harboring Amyloid Burden
  • The Maturation of Task Set-Related Activation Supports Late Developmental Improvements in Inhibitory Control
  • Is That within Reach? fMRI Reveals That the Human Superior Parieto-Occipital Cortex Encodes Objects Reachable by the Hand
  • Attention Enhances the Neural Processing of Relevant Features and Suppresses the Processing of Irrelevant Features in Humans: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Stroop Task
  • Functional MRI Lie Detection: Too Good to be True?
  • Activity in visual area V4 correlates with surface perception
  • Comparison of contrast-response functions from multifocal visual-evoked potentials (mfVEPs) and functional MRI responses
  • Evidence for a vascular contribution to diffusion FMRI at high b value
  • A coherent neurobiological framework for functional neuroimaging provided by a model integrating compartmentalized energy metabolism
  • Cocaine-induced brain activation detected by dynamic manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI)
  • Neural substrates of envisioning the future
  • Effects of Cerebral Ischemia on Evoked Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Responses and BOLD Contrast Functional MRI in Stroke Patients
  • Direct and fast detection of neuronal activation in the human brain with diffusion MRI
  • Dissociating arbitrary stimulus-response mapping from movement planning during preparatory period: evidence from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging.
  • Touching a Rubber Hand: Feeling of Body Ownership Is Associated with Activity in Multisensory Brain Areas
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging of human hypothalamic responses to sweet taste and calories
  • Differences in Functional MR Imaging Activation Patterns Associated with Confrontation Naming and Responsive Naming
  • A Comparison of Visceral and Somatic Pain Processing in the Human Brainstem Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • A Variant C178T in the Regulatory Region of the Serotonin Receptor Gene HTR3A Modulates Neural Activation in the Human Amygdala
  • Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent MRI of Tissue Oxygenation: Relation to Endothelium-Dependent and Endothelium-Independent Blood Flow Changes
  • Coupling of the cortical hemodynamic response to cortical and thalamic neuronal activity
  • Functional-Anatomic Correlates of Memory Retrieval That Suggest Nontraditional Processing Roles for Multiple Distinct Regions within Posterior Parietal Cortex
  • Mapping Cone- and Rod-Induced Retinal Responsiveness in Macaque Retina by Optical Imaging
  • Decreases of Blood Oxygenation Level--Dependent Signal in the Activated Motor Cortex during Functional Recovery after Resection of a Glioma
  • Biomarkers of satiation and satiety
  • The single capillary and the active brain
  • Brain imaging in awake infants by near-infrared optical topography
  • Relationship between Caffeine-Induced Changes in Resting Cerebral Perfusion and Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Signal
  • Functional Brain Imaging and Human Brain Function
  • The Underpinnings of the BOLD Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Signal
  • Functional Dissociation among Components of Remembering: Control, Perceived Oldness, and Content
  • Susceptibility-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging detects human myocardium supplied by a stenotic coronary artery without a contrast agent
  • Single-Neuron Activity and Tissue Oxygenation in the Cerebral Cortex
  • Appraising the brain's energy budget
  • Increase in focal concentration of deoxyhaemoglobin during neuronal activity in cerebral ischaemic patients
  • The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Illusory Contour Processing: Combined High-Density Electrical Mapping, Source Analysis, and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • NEUROSCIENCE: Windows into the Human Brain
  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Retina
  • Cerebellar Involvement in Response Reassignment Rather Than Attention
  • Quantitative Functional MR Imaging of the Visual Cortex at 1.5 T as a Function of Luminance Contrast in Healthy Volunteers and Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
  • Functional MR Imaging of the Cervical Spinal Cord by Use of Median Nerve Stimulation and Fist Clenching
  • Lateral Geniculate Nucleus: Anatomic and Functional Identification by Use of MR Imaging
  • Localized cerebral blood flow response at submillimeter columnar resolution
  • Comparison between anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia using functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • The Cortical Representation of the Hand in Macaque and Human Area S-I: High Resolution Optical Imaging
  • Transient decrease in water diffusion observed in human occipital cortex during visual stimulation
  • The Effect of Acute Hypoglycemia on Brain Function and Activation: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
  • In Vivo Molecular Imaging of Met Tyrosine Kinase Growth Factor Receptor Activity in Normal Organs and Breast Tumors
  • Cerebral energetics and the glycogen shunt: Neurochemical basis of functional imaging
  • Predictability Modulates Human Brain Response to Reward
  • A default mode of brain function
  • Long-Term Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Reveal Mechanisms Underlying the Intrinsic Signal and Stability of Cortical Maps in V1 of Behaving Monkeys
  • Positron emission tomography provides molecular imaging of biological processes
  • A milestone for normal development of the infantile brain detected by functional MRI
  • Coupling between changes in human brain temperature and oxidative metabolism during prolonged visual stimulation
  • New Insights into the Hemodynamic Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent Response through Combination of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Optical Recording in Gerbil Barrel Cortex
  • Reproducibility of Visual Activation in Functional MR Imaging and Effects of Postprocessing
  • Conscious and Unconscious Processing of Nonverbal Predictability in Wernicke's Area
  • Functional MR Imaging Using a Visually Guided Saccade Paradigm for Comparing Activation Patterns in Patients with Probable Alzheimer's Disease and in Cognitively Able Elderly Volunteers
  • Optimized Activation of the Primary Sensorimotor Cortex for Clinical Functional MR Imaging
  • Scopus (2540)
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Site Logo
Powered by HighWire
  • Submit Manuscript
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • RSS Feeds
  • Email Alerts

Articles

  • Current Issue
  • Latest Articles
  • Archive

PNAS Portals

  • Classics
  • Front Matter
  • Teaching Resources
  • Anthropology
  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Sustainability Science

Information

  • Authors
  • Editorial Board
  • Reviewers
  • Press
  • Site Map

Feedback    Privacy/Legal

Copyright © 2019 National Academy of Sciences. Online ISSN 1091-6490