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Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden.

U Szewzyk, R Szewzyk, and T A Stenström
PNAS March 1, 1994 91 (5) 1810-1813; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810
U Szewzyk
Swedish Institute for Infectious Diseases Control, Department of Water Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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R Szewzyk
Swedish Institute for Infectious Diseases Control, Department of Water Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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T A Stenström
Swedish Institute for Infectious Diseases Control, Department of Water Microbiology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract

A borehole drilled to a total depth of 6779 m in granitic rock in Gravberg, Sweden, was sampled and examined for the presence of anaerobic, thermophilic, fermenting bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Growth in enrichment cultures was obtained only from water samples collected from a specific sampling depth in the borehole (3500 m). The hole was cased down to a depth of 5278 m and open to the formation below that level. All the water below 2000 m in depth standing in the borehole at the time of sampling must have entered at the 5278-m level or below, during a prior pumping operation. A strong salinity stratification certifies that no major amount of vertical mixing had taken place. The depth from which bacteria could be enriched was that of a pronounced local minimum of salinity. Pure cultures of thermophilic, anaerobic, fermenting bacteria were obtained with the following substrates: glucose, starch, xylan, ethanol, and lactate. The morphology and physiology of the glucose- and starch-degrading strains indicate a relationship to Thermoanaerobacter and Thermoanaerobium species. All but one of the newly isolated strains differ however from those by lacking acetate as a fermentation product. The glucose-degrading strain Gluc1 is phylogenetically related to Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum, with an evolutionary distance based upon rRNA sequence comparisons of 3%. No sulfate-reducing or methanogenic bacteria were found.

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Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden.
U Szewzyk, R Szewzyk, T A Stenström
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Mar 1994, 91 (5) 1810-1813; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810

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Thermophilic, anaerobic bacteria isolated from a deep borehole in granite in Sweden.
U Szewzyk, R Szewzyk, T A Stenström
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Mar 1994, 91 (5) 1810-1813; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.91.5.1810
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