Skip to main content
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Accessibility Statement
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Main menu

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Special Feature Articles - Most Recent
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • List of Issues
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • This Week In PNAS
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • Fees and Licenses
  • Submit
  • About
    • Editorial Board
    • PNAS Staff
    • FAQ
    • Accessibility Statement
    • Rights and Permissions
    • Site Map
  • Contact
  • Journal Club
  • Subscribe
    • Subscription Rates
    • Subscriptions FAQ
    • Open Access
    • Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian

User menu

  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Home
Home

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Articles
    • Current
    • Special Feature Articles - Most Recent
    • Special Features
    • Colloquia
    • Collected Articles
    • PNAS Classics
    • List of Issues
  • Front Matter
  • News
    • For the Press
    • This Week In PNAS
    • PNAS in the News
  • Podcasts
  • Authors
    • Information for Authors
    • Editorial and Journal Policies
    • Submission Procedures
    • Fees and Licenses

New Research In

Physical Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Applied Mathematics
  • Applied Physical Sciences
  • Astronomy
  • Computer Sciences
  • Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
  • Engineering
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Mathematics
  • Statistics

Social Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Anthropology
  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Economic Sciences
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Political Sciences
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Social Sciences

Biological Sciences

Featured Portals

  • Sustainability Science

Articles by Topic

  • Agricultural Sciences
  • Anthropology
  • Applied Biological Sciences
  • Biochemistry
  • Biophysics and Computational Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Sciences
  • Evolution
  • Genetics
  • Immunology and Inflammation
  • Medical Sciences
  • Microbiology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Physiology
  • Plant Biology
  • Population Biology
  • Psychological and Cognitive Sciences
  • Sustainability Science
  • Systems Biology
Research Article

Studies of retrograde memory: A long-term view

Elizabeth K. Warrington
PNAS November 26, 1996 93 (24) 13523-13526; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13523
Elizabeth K. Warrington
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & SI
  • Info & Metrics
  • PDF
Loading

Online Impact

 

Article Information

vol. 93 no. 24 13523-13526
DOI: 
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.24.13523
PubMed: 
8942966

Published By: 
National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN: 
0027-8424
Online ISSN: 
1091-6490
History: 
  • Published November 26, 1996.

Copyright & Usage: 
Copyright © 1996, The National Academy of Sciences of the USA

Author Information

  1. Elizabeth K. Warrington

    Cited By...

    • 34 Citations
    • 27 Citations
    • Google Scholar

    This article has been cited by the following articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

    • A cortical–hippocampal system for declarative memory
      Howard Eichenbaum
      Nature Reviews Neuroscience 2000 1 1
    • Functional neuroanatomy of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory: a unified account based on multiple trace theory
      Morris Moscovitch, R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Asaf Gilboa, Donna Rose Addis, Robyn Westmacott, Cheryl Grady, Mary Pat McAndrews, Brian Levine, Sandra Black, Gordon Winocur, Lynn Nadel
      Journal of Anatomy 2005 207 1
    • The cognitive neuroscience of remote episodic, semantic and spatial memory
      Morris Moscovitch, Lynn Nadel, Gordon Winocur, Asaf Gilboa, R Shayna Rosenbaum
      Current Opinion in Neurobiology 2006 16 2
    • The function of the sleep spindle: A physiological index of intelligence and a mechanism for sleep-dependent memory consolidation
      Stuart M. Fogel, Carlyle T. Smith
      Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 2011 35 5
    • The case of K.C.: contributions of a memory-impaired person to memory theory
      R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Stefan Köhler, Daniel L. Schacter, Morris Moscovitch, Robyn Westmacott, Sandra E. Black, Fuqiang Gao, Endel Tulving
      Neuropsychologia 2005 43 7
    • Hippocampal complex and retrieval of recent and very remote autobiographical memories: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging in neurologically intact people
      Lee Ryan, Lynn Nadel, Katrina Keil, Karen Putnam, David Schnyer, Theodore Trouard, Morris Moscovitch
      Hippocampus 2001 11 6
    • Long-term retrograde amnesia… the crucial role of the hippocampus
      Lisa Cipolotti, Tim Shallice, Dennis Chan, Nick Fox, Rachel Scahill, Gail Harrison, John Stevens, Peter Rudge
      Neuropsychologia 2001 39 2
    • The contribution of autobiographical significance to semantic memory: evidence from Alzheimer’s disease, semantic dementia, and amnesia
      Robyn Westmacott, Sandra E Black, Morris Freedman, Morris Moscovitch
      Neuropsychologia 2004 42 1
    • Activity in prefrontal cortex, not hippocampus, varies parametrically with the increasing remoteness of memories
      Eleanor A. Maguire, Richard N. A. Henson, Catherine J. Mummery, Christopher D. Frith
      Neuroreport 2001 12 3
    • Synaptic plasticity and learning and memory: LTP and beyond
      Christian Hölscher
      Journal of Neuroscience Research 1999 58 1
    • Amnesia and the hippocampus
      Lisa Cipolotti, Chris M Bird
      Current Opinion in Neurology 2006 19 6
    • Names and words without meaning: Incidental postmorbid semantic learning in a person with extensive bilateral medial temporal damage.
      Robyn Westmacott, Morris Moscovitch
      Neuropsychology 2001 15 4
    • The need for harmonisation and innovation of neuropsychological assessment in neurodegenerative dementias in Europe: consensus document of the Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Diseases Working Group
      Alberto Costa, Thomas Bak, Paolo Caffarra, Carlo Caltagirone, Mathieu Ceccaldi, Fabienne Collette, Sebastian Crutch, Sergio Della Sala, Jean François Démonet, Bruno Dubois, Emrah Duzel, Peter Nestor, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Eric Salmon, Sietske Sikkes, Pietro Tiraboschi, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Pieter Jelle Visser, Stefano F. Cappa
      Alzheimer's Research & Therapy 2017 9 1
    • Memory: Recording experience in cells and circuits: Diversity in memory research
      P. S. Goldman-Rakic
      Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1996 93 24
    • On brain lesions, the milkman and Sigmunda
      Iván Izquierdo, Jorge H Medina
      Trends in Neurosciences 1998 21 10
    • Temporally graded semantic memory loss in amnesia and semantic dementia: Further evidence for opposite gradients
      Robyn W Estmacott, Morris Moscovitch
      Cognitive Neuropsychology 2002 19 2
    • TEMPORALLY GRADED SEMANTIC MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: CROSS-SECTIONAL AND LONGITUDINAL STUDIES
      Robyn Westmacott, Morris Freedman, Sandra E. Black, Kathryn A. Stokes, Morris Moscovitch
      Cognitive Neuropsychology 2004 21 2-4
    • A Note on Aphasia in Bilingual Patients: Pitres’ and Ribot’s Laws
      J.M.S. Pearce
      European Neurology 2005 54 3
    • Dynamic Cognitive Processes
      Morris Moscovitch, Robyn Westmacott, Asaf Gilboa, Donna Rose Addis, R. Shayna Rosenbaum, Indre Viskontas, Sandra Priselac, Eva Svoboda, Marilyne Ziegler, Sandra Black, Fuqiang Gao, Cheryl Grady, Morris Freedman, Stefan Köhler, Larry Leach, Brian Levine, Mary Pat McAndrews, Lynn Nadel, Guy Proulx, Brian Richards, Lee Ryan, Kathryn Stokes, Gordon Winocur
      2005
    • Prolonged retrograde amnesia following sedation with propofol in a 12-year-old boy
      SADEQ A. QURAISHI, TYRONE D. GIRDHARRY, SHU-GUANG XU, FREDRICK K. ORKIN
      Pediatric Anesthesia 2007 17 4
    • Severe amnesia following a unilateral temporal lobe stroke
      Raji P Grewal
      Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2003 10 1
    • Injury and recovery: Severe amnestic syndrome following traumatic brain injury
      Simon L. Collinson, Amutha Meyyappan, Jeffrey V. Rosenfeld
      Brain Injury 2009 23 1
    • Retrograde amnesia after intravenous sedation and general anaesthesia in a dental hospital
      G. Aulakh, B. Shokouhi, K. Beneng
      British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2018 56 7
    • Neuropathology of a remarkable case of memory impairment informs human memory
      Andrew F. Gao, Julia L. Keith, Fu-qiang Gao, Sandra E. Black, Morris Moscovitch, R. Shayna Rosenbaum
      Neuropsychologia 2020 140
    • The Medical Basis of Psychiatry
      Hillel Grossman
      2008
    • Learning and Memory: A Comprehensive Reference
      E.A. Kensinger, S. Corkin
      2008
    • The Medical Basis of Psychiatry
      Afshan Anjum
      2016

    Article usage

    Article usage: January 1999 to January 2021

    AbstractFullPdf
    Jan 1999114
    Feb 1999307
    Mar 1999335
    Apr 1999266
    May 1999026
    Jun 1999211
    Jul 1999385
    Aug 1999004
    Sep 1999195
    Oct 19993711
    Nov 199911168
    Dec 199971211
    Total 1999366573
    Jan 2000269
    Feb 2000522
    Mar 2000346
    Apr 200041113
    May 20004713
    Jun 2000122
    Jul 2000385
    Aug 2000546
    Sep 2000233
    Oct 2000259
    Nov 20005162
    Dec 2000089
    Total 2000367679
    Jan 20017158
    Feb 2001238
    Mar 20015712
    Apr 20015811
    May 200131512
    Jun 2001152
    Jul 2001399
    Aug 20011310
    Sep 2001467
    Oct 20010815
    Nov 200141116
    Dec 2001464
    Total 20013996114
    Jan 2002055
    Feb 2002222
    Mar 2002169
    Apr 20023414
    May 200221412
    Jun 2002338
    Jul 2002467
    Aug 2002031
    Sep 2002224
    Oct 20026915
    Nov 2002248
    Dec 2002007
    Total 2002255892
    Jan 2003259
    Feb 2003196
    Mar 20032611
    Apr 20033915
    May 20034716
    Jun 20034512
    Jul 200332510
    Aug 200391616
    Sep 200372538
    Oct 2003172665
    Nov 2003113172
    Dec 2003103640
    Total 2003102180310
    Jan 200493445
    Feb 200482755
    Mar 2004353862
    Apr 200464057
    May 2004123752
    Jun 200410508
    Jul 200481413
    Aug 200412338
    Sep 200411418
    Oct 2004198631
    Nov 20044211620
    Dec 200410709
    Total 2004182586368
    Jan 200586721
    Feb 200546819
    Mar 20055619
    Apr 2005811320
    May 20052313531
    Jun 2005146212
    Jul 20054519
    Aug 20058384
    Sep 2005109615
    Oct 2005101137
    Nov 20052110916
    Dec 2005118517
    Total 2005126998180
    Jan 2006129913
    Feb 2006148812
    Mar 2006171219
    Apr 20068709
    May 200624457
    Jun 200612387
    Jul 20066534
    Aug 200612456
    Sep 200684934
    Oct 2006166646
    Nov 2006227632
    Dec 2006183418
    Total 2006169784197
    Jan 2007143318
    Feb 2007225139
    Mar 2007324629
    Apr 2007252828
    May 2007262336
    Jun 2007131925
    Jul 2007111415
    Aug 200710119
    Sep 2007111815
    Oct 200791428
    Nov 200772133
    Dec 200761622
    Total 2007186294297
    Jan 200801423
    Feb 200821533
    Mar 200861637
    Apr 200892131
    May 2008101541
    Jun 2008111730
    Jul 200812230
    Aug 200812413
    Sep 2008361322
    Oct 2008623132
    Nov 2008233829
    Dec 2008252820
    Total 2008208214341
    Jan 2009241034
    Feb 200915919
    Mar 2009212625
    Apr 2009301524
    May 2009151519
    Jun 20098318
    Jul 200910316
    Aug 2009888
    Sep 200918613
    Oct 2009171425
    Nov 2009141318
    Dec 2009101518
    Total 2009190137237
    Jan 2010111217
    Feb 201014913
    Mar 2010241518
    Apr 20108165
    May 20104512
    Jun 201014108
    Jul 201071512
    Aug 2010699
    Sep 2010789
    Oct 20108311
    Nov 201010128
    Dec 201081015
    Total 2010121124137
    Jan 2011151624
    Feb 201110911
    Mar 2011141613
    Apr 2011131320
    May 201111820
    Jun 201112411
    Jul 201145821
    Aug 2011632214
    Sep 2011722019
    Oct 2011831519
    Nov 2011801721
    Dec 2011591414
    Total 2011477162207
    Jan 201263196
    Feb 2012100239
    Mar 2012767014
    Apr 2012843315
    May 2012685412
    Jun 20123699
    Jul 201253197
    Aug 201241105
    Sep 20122334
    Oct 201256238
    Nov 2012521413
    Dec 201238363
    Total 2012690313105
    Jan 201342192
    Feb 201373293
    Mar 2013513010
    Apr 2013824124
    May 2013726112
    Jun 201345329
    Jul 201328153
    Aug 201337233
    Sep 201346253
    Oct 201381559
    Nov 201359534
    Dec 201331493
    Total 201364743285
    Jan 201454403
    Feb 201459565
    Mar 201477402
    Apr 2014103466
    May 2014584810
    Jun 201433234
    Jul 201456143
    Aug 201436173
    Sep 201461526
    Oct 2014819311
    Nov 201483537
    Dec 201453659
    Total 201475454769
    Jan 201567284
    Feb 201593490
    Mar 201570716
    Apr 20157010014
    May 201541575
    Jun 201543341
    Jul 201521288
    Aug 201539232
    Sep 201527204
    Oct 2015541077
    Nov 20157218914
    Dec 201541766
    Total 201563878271
    Jan 201633397
    Feb 2016516212
    Mar 201648857
    Apr 2016497311
    May 201645905
    Jun 201618444
    Jul 2016282912
    Aug 201650551
    Sep 201620378
    Oct 20165510116
    Nov 20164911912
    Dec 20163511715
    Total 2016481851110
    Jan 201718748
    Feb 2017231187
    Mar 20172121613
    Apr 20171511911
    May 20173415522
    Jun 201724746
    Jul 201727826
    Aug 201729639
    Sep 20172317119
    Oct 20175927131
    Nov 20174724030
    Dec 20174315120
    Total 20173631734182
    Jan 2018351128
    Feb 20181013411
    Mar 20188917126
    Apr 20189513930
    May 20188410222
    Jun 2018555712
    Jul 201849542
    Aug 201851599
    Sep 2018909017
    Oct 2018710416
    Nov 2018011215
    Dec 2018010814
    Total 20185651242182
    Jan 20191868
    Feb 2019010810
    Mar 201901359
    Apr 2019012923
    May 2019115519
    Jun 201909412
    Jul 2019011014
    Aug 201906910
    Sep 20191926
    Oct 2019011813
    Nov 2019011812
    Dec 201918620
    Total 201941300156
    Jan 20201522
    Feb 20200777
    Mar 2020112714
    Apr 2020013727
    May 2020230818
    Jun 2020025716
    Jul 2020015910
    Aug 202001037
    Sep 202012176
    Oct 2020231116
    Nov 2020530014
    Dec 2020526213
    Total 2020172310150
    Jan 202129413
    Total 202129413
    Total6058133793755
    PreviousNext
    Back to top
    Article Alerts
    Email Article

    Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on PNAS.

    NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

    Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
    Studies of retrograde memory: A long-term view
    (Your Name) has sent you a message from PNAS
    (Your Name) thought you would like to see the PNAS web site.
    CAPTCHA
    This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
    Citation Tools
    Studies of retrograde memory: A long-term view
    Elizabeth K. Warrington
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 1996, 93 (24) 13523-13526; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13523

    Citation Manager Formats

    • BibTeX
    • Bookends
    • EasyBib
    • EndNote (tagged)
    • EndNote 8 (xml)
    • Medlars
    • Mendeley
    • Papers
    • RefWorks Tagged
    • Ref Manager
    • RIS
    • Zotero
    Request Permissions
    Share
    Studies of retrograde memory: A long-term view
    Elizabeth K. Warrington
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 1996, 93 (24) 13523-13526; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13523
    Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
    • Tweet Widget
    • Facebook Like
    • Mendeley logo Mendeley
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: 93 (24)
    Table of Contents

    Submit

    Sign up for Article Alerts

    Jump to section

    • Article
      • Patient 1.
      • Patient 2.
      • Patient 3.
      • Patient 4.
      • Footnotes
      • References
    • Figures & SI
    • Info & Metrics
    • PDF

    You May Also be Interested in

    Abstract depiction of a guitar and musical note
    Science & Culture: At the nexus of music and medicine, some see disease treatments
    Although the evidence is still limited, a growing body of research suggests music may have beneficial effects for diseases such as Parkinson’s.
    Image credit: Shutterstock/agsandrew.
    Scientist looking at an electronic tablet
    Opinion: Standardizing gene product nomenclature—a call to action
    Biomedical communities and journals need to standardize nomenclature of gene products to enhance accuracy in scientific and public communication.
    Image credit: Shutterstock/greenbutterfly.
    One red and one yellow modeled protein structures
    Journal Club: Study reveals evolutionary origins of fold-switching protein
    Shapeshifting designs could have wide-ranging pharmaceutical and biomedical applications in coming years.
    Image credit: Acacia Dishman/Medical College of Wisconsin.
    White and blue bird
    Hazards of ozone pollution to birds
    Amanda Rodewald, Ivan Rudik, and Catherine Kling talk about the hazards of ozone pollution to birds.
    Listen
    Past PodcastsSubscribe
    Goats standing in a pin
    Transplantation of sperm-producing stem cells
    CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing can improve the effectiveness of spermatogonial stem cell transplantation in mice and livestock, a study finds.
    Image credit: Jon M. Oatley.

    Similar Articles

    Site Logo
    Powered by HighWire
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Twitter
    • Facebook
    • RSS Feeds
    • Email Alerts

    Articles

    • Current Issue
    • Latest Articles
    • Archive

    PNAS Portals

    • Anthropology
    • Chemistry
    • Classics
    • Front Matter
    • Physics
    • Sustainability Science
    • Teaching Resources

    Information

    • Authors
    • Editorial Board
    • Reviewers
    • Librarians
    • Press
    • Site Map
    • PNAS Updates

    Feedback    Privacy/Legal

    Copyright © 2021 National Academy of Sciences. Online ISSN 1091-6490