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Table of Contents

August 05, 1997; vol. 94 no. 16

Colloquium Papers (free online)

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Climate change and carbon dioxide: An introduction
Charles D. Keeling

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8273-8274; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8273
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Tribute to Roger Revelle and his contribution to studies of carbon dioxide and climate change
Walter H. Munk

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8275-8279; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8275
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Equilibration of the terrestrial water, nitrogen, and carbon cycles
David S. Schimel, B. H. Braswell, and W. J. Parton

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8280-8283; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8280
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Potential responses of soil organic carbon to global environmental change
Susan E. Trumbore

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8284-8291; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8284
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Global air-sea flux of CO₂: An estimate based on measurements of sea–air pCO₂ difference
Taro Takahashi, Richard A. Feely, Ray F. Weiss, Rik H. Wanninkhof, David W. Chipman, Stewart C. Sutherland, and Timothy T. Takahashi

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8292-8299; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8292
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Characteristics of the deep ocean carbon system during the past 150,000 years: ΣCO₂ distributions, deep water flow patterns, and abrupt climate change
Edward A. Boyle

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8300-8307; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8300
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Direct observation of the oceanic CO₂ increase revisited
Peter G. Brewer, Catherine Goyet, and Gernot Friederich

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8308-8313; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8308
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The observed global warming record: What does it tell us?
T. M. L. Wigley, P. D. Jones, and S. C. B. Raper

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8314-8320; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8314
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Possible forcing of global temperature by the oceanic tides
Charles D. Keeling and Timothy P. Whorf

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8321-8328; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8321
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Spectrum of 100-kyr glacial cycle: Orbital inclination, not eccentricity
Richard A. Muller and Gordon J. MacDonald

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8329-8334; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8329
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Can increasing carbon dioxide cause climate change?
Richard S. Lindzen

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8335-8342; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8335
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Gases in ice cores
Michael Bender, Todd Sowers, and Edward Brook

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8343-8349; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8343
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Tree rings, carbon dioxide, and climatic change
Gordon C. Jacoby and Rosanne D. D’Arrigo

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8350-8353; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8350
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Geochemistry of corals: Proxies of past ocean chemistry, ocean circulation, and climate
Ellen R. M. Druffel

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8354-8361; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8354
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A long marine history of carbon cycle modulation by orbital-climatic changes
Timothy D. Herbert

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8362-8369; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8362
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Dependence of global temperatures on atmospheric CO₂ and solar irradiance
David J. Thomson

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8370-8377; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8370

Commentary

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The different faces of poly(ethylene glycol)
Jacob Israelachvili

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8378-8379; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8378

Review

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The high spontaneous mutation rate: Is it a health risk?
James F. Crow

PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8380-8386; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8380

Physical Sciences

Chemistry
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  Factors controlling the competition among rotational and vibrational energy transfer channels in glyoxal
  Inaugural Article
  
  Charles S. Parmenter, Samuel M. Clegg, Douglas J. Krajnovich, and Shao-ping Lu
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8387-8392; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8387

Biological Sciences

Agricultural Sciences
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  Enhanced methionine levels and increased nutritive value of seeds of transgenic lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.) expressing a sunflower seed albumin gene
  Lisa Molvig, Linda M. Tabe, Bjorn O. Eggum, Andrew E. Moore, Stuart Craig, Donald Spencer, and Thomas J. V. Higgins
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8393-8398; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8393
Applied Biological Sciences
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  Measurements of attractive forces between proteins and end-grafted poly(ethylene glycol) chains
  S. R. Sheth and D. Leckband
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8399-8404; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8399
Biochemistry
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  Monitoring protein–protein interactions in intact eukaryotic cells by β-galactosidase complementation
  Fabio Rossi, Carol A. Charlton, and Helen M. Blau
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8405-8410; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8405
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  Three-dimensional structure of NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase: Prototype for FMN- and FAD-containing enzymes
  Ming Wang, David L. Roberts, Rosemary Paschke, Thomas M. Shea, Bettie Sue Siler Masters, and Jung-Ja P. Kim
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8411-8416; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8411
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  Non-enzymatic and enzymatic hydrolysis of alkyl halides: A haloalkane dehalogenation enzyme evolved to stabilize the gas-phase transition state of an S_N2 displacement reaction
  Felice C. Lightstone, Ya-Jun Zheng, Andreas H. Maulitz, and Thomas C. Bruice
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8417-8420; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8417
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  A Z-DNA binding domain present in the human editing enzyme, double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase
  Alan Herbert, Jens Alfken, Yang-Gyun Kim, I. Saira Mian, Kazuko Nishikura, and Alexander Rich
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8421-8426; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8421
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  Purification and characterization of a CENP-B homologue protein that binds to the centromeric K-type repeat DNA of Schizosaccharomyces pombe
  Joon-Kyu Lee, Joel A. Huberman, and Jerard Hurwitz
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8427-8432; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8427
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  Preferential interaction of the his pause RNA hairpin with RNA polymerase β subunit residues 904–950 correlates with strong transcriptional pausing
  Daguang Wang, Konstantin Severinov, and Robert Landick
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8433-8438; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8433
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  The Bacillus subtilis crh gene encodes a HPr-like protein involved in carbon catabolite repression
  Anne Galinier, Jacques Haiech, Marie-Claude Kilhoffer, Michel Jaquinod, Jörg Stülke, Josef Deutscher, and Isabelle Martin-Verstraete
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8439-8444; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8439
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  In vivo kinetics of a redox-regulated transcriptional switch
  Huangen Ding and Bruce Demple
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8445-8449; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8445
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  Structural flexibility in transcription complex formation revealed by protein–DNA photocrosslinking
  Michele A. Cleary, P. Shannon Pendergrast, and Winship Herr
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8450-8455; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8450
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  Purification and characterization of acetone carboxylase from Xanthobacter strain Py2
  Miriam K. Sluis and Scott A. Ensign
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8456-8461; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8456
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  MLN64 contains a domain with homology to the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) that stimulates steroidogenesis
  Hidemichi Watari, Futoshi Arakane, Christel Moog-Lutz, Caleb B. Kallen, Catherine Tomasetto, George L. Gerton, Marie-Christine Rio, Michael E. Baker, and Jerome F. Strauss III
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8462-8467; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8462
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  Phenotypic conversion of drug-resistant bacteria to drug sensitivity
  Cecilia Guerrier-Takada, Reza Salavati, and Sidney Altman
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8468-8472; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8468
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  The U5 RNA of trypanosomes deviates from the canonical U5 RNA: The Leptomonas collosoma U5 RNA and its coding gene
  Yu-xin Xu, Herzel Ben-Shlomo, and Shulamit Michaeli
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8473-8478; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8473
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  RAC3, a steroid/nuclear receptor-associated coactivator that is related to SRC-1 and TIF2
  Hui Li, Paulo J. Gomes, and J. Don Chen
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8479-8484; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8479
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  Interaction of the human androgen receptor transactivation function with the general transcription factor TFIIF
  Iain J. McEwan and Jan-Åke Gustafsson
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8485-8490; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8485
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  A glutamate residue in the catalytic center of the yeast chorismate mutase restricts enzyme activity to acidic conditions
  Georg Schnappauf, Norbert Sträter, William N. Lipscomb, and Gerhard H. Braus
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8491-8496; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8491
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  Use of intrinsic binding energy for catalysis by an RNA enzyme
  Klemens J. Hertel, Alessio Peracchi, Olke C. Uhlenbeck, and Daniel Herschlag
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8497-8502; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8497
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  Identification by mass spectrometry of the phosphorylated residue responsible for activation of the catalytic domain of myosin I heavy chain kinase, a member of the PAK/STE20 family
  Joanna Szczepanowska, Xiaolong Zhang, Christopher J. Herring, Jun Qin, Edward D. Korn, and Hanna Brzeska
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8503-8508; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8503
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  Molecular cloning of a peroxisomal Ca²⁺-dependent member of the mitochondrial carrier superfamily
  Franz E. Weber, Gianluca Minestrini, James H. Dyer, Moritz Werder, Dario Boffelli, Sabina Compassi, Ernst Wehrli, Richard M. Thomas, Georg Schulthess, and Helmut Hauser
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8509-8514; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8509
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  AtGRP7, a nuclear RNA-binding protein as a component of a circadian-regulated negative feedback loop in Arabidopsis thaliana
  Christian Heintzen, Mena Nater, Klaus Apel, and Dorothee Staiger
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8515-8520; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8515
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  In vitro selection of a 7-methyl-guanosine binding RNA that inhibits translation of capped mRNA molecules
  Aurelia A. Haller and Peter Sarnow
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8521-8526; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8521
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  The product of a thyroid hormone-responsive gene interacts with thyroid hormone receptors
  Catherine C. Thompson and Margaret C. Bottcher
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8527-8532; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8527
Biophysics
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  The structure of the acto-myosin subfragment 1 complex: Results of searches using data from electron microscopy and x-ray crystallography
  Robert Mendelson and Edward P. Morris
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8533-8538; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8533
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  The load dependence of kinesin’s mechanical cycle
  Chris M. Coppin, Daniel W. Pierce, Long Hsu, and Ronald D. Vale
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8539-8544; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8539
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  Ultrafast signals in protein folding and the polypeptide contracted state
  T. R. Sosnick, M. D. Shtilerman, L. Mayne, and S. W. Englander
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8545-8550; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8545
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  Complete resolution of the solid-state NMR spectrum of a uniformly ¹⁵N-labeled membrane protein in phospholipid bilayers
  Francesca M. Marassi, A. Ramamoorthy, and Stanley J. Opella
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8551-8556; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8551
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  Chromophore structural changes in rhodopsin from nanoseconds to microseconds following pigment photolysis
  Stefan Jäger, James W. Lewis, Tatyana A. Zvyaga, Istvan Szundi, Thomas P. Sakmar, and David S. Kliger
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8557-8562; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8557
Cell Biology
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  Receptor-associated constitutive protein tyrosine phosphatase activity controls the kinase function of JAK1
  S. Jaharul Haque, Qian Wu, Winfried Kammer, Karlheinz Friedrich, Jonathan M. Smith, Ian M. Kerr, George R. Stark, and Bryan R. G. Williams
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8563-8568; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8563
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  The SH3p4/Sh3p8/SH3p13 protein family: Binding partners for synaptojanin and dynamin via a Grb2-like Src homology 3 domain
  Niels Ringstad, Yasuo Nemoto, and Pietro De Camilli
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8569-8574; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8569
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  A novel role for clathrin in cytokinesis
  Maria L. Niswonger and Theresa J. O’Halloran
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8575-8578; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8575
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  ECA1 complements yeast mutants defective in Ca²⁺ pumps and encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-type Ca²⁺-ATPase in Arabidopsis thaliana
  Feng Liang, Kyle W. Cunningham, Jeffrey F. Harper, and Heven Sze
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8579-8584; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8579
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  Induction of epithelial chloride secretion by channel-forming cryptdins 2 and 3
  W. I. Lencer, G. Cheung, G. R. Strohmeier, M. G. Currie, A. J. Ouellette, M. E. Selsted, and J. L. Madara
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8585-8589; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8585
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  Importin/karyopherin protein family members required for mRNA export from the nucleus
  Matthias Seedorf and Pamela A. Silver
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8590-8595; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8590
Developmental Biology
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  Anteroposterior neural tissue specification by activin-induced mesoderm
  Jeremy B. A. Green, T. Les Cook, J. C. Smith, and Robert M. Grainger
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8596-8601; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8596
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  Relax promotes ectopic neuronal differentiation in Xenopus embryos
  Philippe Ravassard, Jérome Vallin, Jacques Mallet, and Christine Icard-Liepkalns
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8602-8605; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8602
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  Epidermal muscle attachment site-specific target gene expression and interference with myotube guidance in response to ectopic stripe expression in the developing Drosophila epidermis
  Gerd Vorbrüggen and Herbert Jäckle
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8606-8611; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8606
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  A peptide export–import control circuit modulating bacterial development regulates protein phosphatases of the phosphorelay
  Marta Perego
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8612-8617; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8612
Ecology
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  Ultraviolet plumage colors predict mate preferences in starlings
  Andrew T. D. Bennett, Innes C. Cuthill, Julian C. Partridge, and Klaus Lunau
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8618-8621; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8618
Evolution
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  Both apolipoprotein E and A-I genes are present in a nonmammalian vertebrate and are highly expressed during embryonic development
  Patrick J. Babin, Christine Thisse, Michele Durliat, Michele Andre, Marie-Andree Akimenko, and Bernard Thisse
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8622-8627; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8622
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  What initiates speciation in passion-vine butterflies?
  W. Owen McMillan, Chris D. Jiggins, and James Mallet
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8628-8633; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8628
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  Rapid evolution of sex-related genes in Chlamydomonas
  Patrick J. Ferris, Christopher Pavlovic, Stefan Fabry, and Ursula W. Goodenough
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8634-8639; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8634
Genetics
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  Pseudotyping of murine leukemia virus with the envelope glycoproteins of HIV generates a retroviral vector with specificity of infection for CD4-expressing cells
  Barbara S. Schnierle, Jörn Stitz, Valerie Bosch, Frank Nocken, Heike Merget-Millitzer, Martin Engelstädter, Reinhard Kurth, Bernd Groner, and Klaus Cichutek
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8640-8645; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8640
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  Proviral insertions induce the expression of bone-specific isoforms of PEBP2αA (CBFA1): Evidence for a new myc collaborating oncogene
  M. Stewart, A. Terry, M. Hu, M. O’Hara, K. Blyth, E. Baxter, E. Cameron, D. E. Onions, and J. C. Neil
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8646-8651; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8646
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  Mutagenicity in Escherichia coli of the major DNA adduct derived from the endogenous mutagen malondialdehyde
  Stephen P. Fink, G. Ramachandra Reddy, and Lawrence J. Marnett
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8652-8657; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8652
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  Xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy are associated with different mutations in the XPD (ERCC2) repair/transcription gene
  Elaine M. Taylor, Bernard C. Broughton, Elena Botta, Miria Stefanini, Alain Sarasin, Nicolaas G. J. Jaspers, Heather Fawcett, Susan A. Harcourt, Colin F. Arlett, and Alan R. Lehmann
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8658-8663; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8658
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  Mouse mammary tumor virus/v-Ha-ras transgene-induced mammary tumors exhibit strain-specific allelic loss on mouse chromosome 4
  Eric H. Radany, Karen Hong, Sima Kesharvarzi, Eric S. Lander, and J. Michael Bishop
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8664-8669; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8664
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  Apoptosis resistance of nonobese diabetic peripheral lymphocytes linked to the Idd5 diabetes susceptibility region
  Francesco Colucci, Marie-Louise Bergman, Carlos Penha-Gonçalves, Corrado M. Cilio, and Dan Holmberg
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8670-8674; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8670
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  Characterization of the transposition pattern of the Ac element in Arabidopsis thaliana using endonuclease I-SceI
  Chiyoko Machida, Hitoshi Onouchi, Jun Koizumi, Susumu Hamada, Endang Semiarti, Satomi Torikai, and Yasunori Machida
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8675-8680; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8675
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  Cisplatin increases meiotic crossing-over in mice
  William H. Hanneman, Marie E. Legare, Shannon Sweeney, and John C. Schimenti
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8681-8685; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8681
Immunology
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  Epithelial antibiotic induced in states of disease
  Ethan D. Stolzenberg, G. Mark Anderson, Mark R. Ackermann, Robert H. Whitlock, and Michael Zasloff
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8686-8690; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8686
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  A family of fibrinogen-related proteins that precipitates parasite-derived molecules is produced by an invertebrate after infection
  Coen M. Adema, Lynn A. Hertel, Robert D. Miller, and Eric S. Loker
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8691-8696; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8691
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  Characterization of anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies that bind antigen and an anti-idiotype
  Fernando A. Goldbaum, C. Alejandro Velikovsky, William Dall’Acqua, Carlos A. Fossati, Barry A. Fields, Bradford C. Braden, Roberto J. Poljak, and Roy A. Mariuzza
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8697-8701; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8697
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  Specific T cell recognition of kinetic isomers in the binding of peptide to class II major histocompatibility complex
  Joshua D. Rabinowitz, Michael N. Liang, Keri Tate, Christopher Lee, Craig Beeson, and Harden M. McConnell
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8702-8707; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8702
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  Cloning and functional characterization of a subunit of the transporter associated with antigen processing
  Suling Li, Hans-Olov Sjögren, Ulf Hellman, Ralf F. Pettersson, and Ping Wang
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8708-8713; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8708
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  CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) sites are required for HIV-1 replication in primary macrophages but not CD4⁺ T cells
  A. J. Henderson and K. L. Calame
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8714-8719; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8714
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  Abrogation of the alternative complement pathway by targeted deletion of murine factor B
  Mitsuru Matsumoto, Wataru Fukuda, Antonella Circolo, Joseph Goellner, Jena Strauss-Schoenberger, Xuefeng Wang, Shigeru Fujita, Tunde Hidvegi, David D. Chaplin, and Harvey R. Colten
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8720-8725; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8720
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  DNA immunization circumvents deficient induction of T helper type 1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in neonates and during early life
  Xavier Martinez, Christian Brandt, Fatiha Saddallah, Chantal Tougne, Christy Barrios, Fabian Wild, Gordan Dougan, Paul-Henri Lambert, and Claire-Anne Siegrist
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8726-8731; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8726
Medical Sciences
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  MLL is fused to CBP, a histone acetyltransferase, in therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia with a t(11;16)(q23;p13.3)
  Olatoyosi M. Sobulo, Julian Borrow, Ronald Tomek, Shalini Reshmi, Alanna Harden, Brigitte Schlegelberger, David Housman, Norman A. Doggett, Janet D. Rowley, and Nancy J. Zeleznik-Le
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8732-8737; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8732
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  Transcripts from a single full-length cDNA clone of hepatitis C virus are infectious when directly transfected into the liver of a chimpanzee
  Masayuki Yanagi, Robert H. Purcell, Suzanne U. Emerson, and Jens Bukh
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8738-8743; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8738
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  Hepatitis B virus HBx protein sensitizes cells to apoptotic killing by tumor necrosis factor α
  Fei Su and Robert J. Schneider
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8744-8749; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8744
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  Platelet signal transduction defect with Gα subunit dysfunction and diminished Gα_q in a patient with abnormal platelet responses
  Jagadeesh Gabbeta, Xu Yang, M. Anna Kowalska, Ling Sun, N. Dhanasekaran, and A. Koneti Rao
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8750-8755; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8750
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  Resistance to apoptosis caused by PIG-A gene mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  Robert A. Brodsky, Milada S. Vala, James P. Barber, M. Edward Medof, and Richard J. Jones
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8756-8760; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8756
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  Conditional switching of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in tumors: Induction of endothelial cell shedding and regression of hemangioblastoma-like vessels by VEGF withdrawal
  Laura E. Benjamin and Eli Keshet
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8761-8766; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8761
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  Pig but not human interferon-γ initiates human cell-mediated rejection of pig tissue in vivo
  Parvez Sultan, Allan G. Murray, Jennifer M. McNiff, Marc I. Lorber, Philip W. Askenase, Alfred L. M. Bothwell, and Jordan S. Pober
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8767-8772; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8767
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  Ubiquitous, heritable damage in cell populations that survive treatment with methotrexate
  Ming Chow and Harry Rubin
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8773-8778; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8773
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  Demonstration of a novel circulating anti-prostacyclin receptor antibody
  Nighat N. Kahn, William A. Bauman, and Asru K. Sinha
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8779-8782; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8779
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  Fluorescence tomographic imaging in turbid media using early-arriving photons and Laplace transforms
  Jun Wu, Lev Perelman, Ramachandra R. Dasari, and Michael S. Feld
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8783-8788; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8783
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  CTLA4-Ig and anti-CD40 ligand prevent renal allograft rejection in primates
  Allan D. Kirk, David M. Harlan, Nicholas N. Armstrong, Thomas A. Davis, Yinchen Dong, Gary S. Gray, Xuening Hong, David Thomas, John H. Fechner Jr., and Stuart J. Knechtle
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8789-8794; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8789
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  Immunotargeting of liposomes to activated vascular endothelial cells: A strategy for site-selective delivery in the cardiovascular system
  David D. Spragg, Dennis R. Alford, Ruth Greferath, Charles E. Larsen, Kyung-Dall Lee, Geoffrey C. Gurtner, Myron I. Cybulsky, P. Francois Tosi, Claude Nicolau, and Michael A. Gimbrone Jr.
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8795-8800; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8795
Microbiology
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  A natural polymorphism in β-lactamase is a global suppressor
  Wanzhi Huang and Timothy Palzkill
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8801-8806; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8801
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  Loss of virulence in Leishmania donovani deficient in an amastigote-specific protein, A2
  Wen-Wei Zhang and Greg Matlashewski
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8807-8811; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8807
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  Transcription initiation is controlled by three core promoter elements in the hgl5 gene of the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica
  Upinder Singh, Joshua B. Rogers, Barbara J. Mann, and William A. Petri Jr.
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8812-8817; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8812
Neurobiology
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  Intrastriatal injection of an adenoviral vector expressing glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor prevents dopaminergic neuron degeneration and behavioral impairment in a rat model of Parkinson disease
  Alicia Bilang-Bleuel, Frédéric Revah, Phillippe Colin, Isabelle Locquet, Jean-Jacques Robert, Jacques Mallet, and Philippe Horellou
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8818-8823; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8818
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  A point mutation in the γ₂ subunit of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors results in altered benzodiazepine binding site specificity
  Andreas Buhr and Erwin Sigel
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8824-8829; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8824
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  Glutamate receptor-mediated toxicity in optic nerve oligodendrocytes
  Carlos Matute, M. Victoria Sánchez-Gómez, Luis Martínez-Millán, and Ricardo Miledi
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8830-8835; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8830
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  Modulation of cognition-specific cortical activity by gonadal steroids: A positron-emission tomography study in women
  Karen Faith Berman, Peter J. Schmidt, David R. Rubinow, Merry A. Danaceau, John D. Van Horn, Giuseppe Esposito, Jill L. Ostrem, and Daniel R. Weinberger
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8836-8841; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8836
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  A calcium responsive element that regulates expression of two calcium binding proteins in Purkinje cells
  Donald B. Arnold and Nathaniel Heintz
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8842-8847; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8842
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  Kinase domain of the muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is sufficient for phosphorylation but not clustering of acetylcholine receptors: Required role for the MuSK ectodomain?
  David J. Glass, Elizabeth D. Apel, Sonal Shah, David C. Bowen, Thomas M. DeChiara, Trevor N. Stitt, Joshua R. Sanes, and George D. Yancopoulos
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8848-8853; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8848
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  Nucleus reticularis neurons mediate diverse inhibitory effects in thalamus
  Charles L. Cox, John R. Huguenard, and David A. Prince
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8854-8859; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8854
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  Mechanisms of spectral tuning in the mouse green cone pigment
  Hui Sun, Jennifer P. Macke, and Jeremy Nathans
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8860-8865; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8860
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  Direct interaction of Gβγ with a C-terminal Gβγ-binding domain of the Ca²⁺ channel α₁ subunit is responsible for channel inhibition by G protein-coupled receptors
  Ning Qin, Daniela Platano, Riccardo Olcese, Enrico Stefani, and Lutz Birnbaumer
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8866-8871; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8866
Physiology
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  Activation and inhibition of K-ATP currents by guanine nucleotides is mediated by different channel subunits
  Stefan Trapp, Stephen J. Tucker, and Frances M. Ashcroft
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8872-8877; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8872
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  Physiological response to long-term peripheral and central leptin infusion in lean and obese mice
  Jeffrey L. Halaas, Carol Boozer, John Blair-West, Naseem Fidahusein, Derek A. Denton, and Jeffrey M. Friedman
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8878-8883; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8878
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  Luminal trypsin may regulate enterocytes through proteinase-activated receptor 2
  Wuyi Kong, Karen McConalogue, Lev M. Khitin, Morley D. Hollenberg, Donald G. Payan, Stephan K. Böhm, and Nigel W. Bunnett
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8884-8889; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8884
Plant Biology
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  Regulation of chloroplast protein import through a protochlorophyllide-responsive transit peptide
  Christiane Reinbothe, Nikolai Lebedev, Klaus Apel, and Steffen Reinbothe
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8890-8894; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8890
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  Cloning and characterization of a plastidal and a mitochondrial isoform of tobacco protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase
  Inna Lermontova, Elisabeth Kruse, Hans-Peter Mock, and Bernhard Grimm
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8895-8900; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8895
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  enod40 induces dedifferentiation and division of root cortical cells in legumes
  Celine Charon, Christina Johansson, Eva Kondorosi, Adam Kondorosi, and Martin Crespi
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8901-8906; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8901
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  Mendel’s dwarfing gene: cDNAs from the Le alleles and function of the expressed proteins
  David N. Martin, William M. Proebsting, and Peter Hedden
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8907-8911; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8907
Population Biology
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  Philopatry of male marine turtles inferred from mitochondrial DNA markers
  Nancy N. FitzSimmons, Colin J. Limpus, Janette A. Norman, Alan R. Goldizen, Jeffrey D. Miller, and Craig Moritz
  
  PNAS August 5, 1997 94 (16) 8912-8917; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.94.16.8912

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