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Research Article

Unusual horizontal transfer of a long interspersed nuclear element between distant vertebrate classes

Dusan Kordis and Franc Gubensek
  1. *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Joz̆ef Stefan Institute, P.O.B. 3000, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia; and ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia

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PNAS September 1, 1998 95 (18) 10704-10709;
Dusan Kordis
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Franc Gubensek
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  1. Edited by Margaret G. Kidwell, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, and approved July 14, 1998 (received for review March 6, 1998)

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Abstract

We have shown previously by Southern blot analysis that Bov-B long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) are present in different Viperidae snake species. To address the question as to whether Bov-B LINEs really have been transmitted horizontally between vertebrate classes, the analysis has been extended to a larger number of vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant species. In this paper, the evolutionary origin of Bov-B LINEs is shown unequivocally to be in Squamata. The previously proposed horizontal transfer of Bov-B LINEs in vertebrates has been confirmed by their discontinuous phylogenetic distribution in Squamata (Serpentes and two lizard infra-orders) as well as in Ruminantia, by the high level of nucleotide identity, and by their phylogenetic relationships. The horizontal transfer of Bov-B LINEs from Squamata to the ancestor of Ruminantia is evident from the genetic distances and discontinuous phylogenetic distribution. The ancestor of Colubroidea snakes is a possible donor of Bov-B LINEs to Ruminantia. The timing of horizontal transfer has been estimated from the distribution of Bov-B LINEs in Ruminantia and the fossil data of Ruminantia to be 40–50 My ago. The phylogenetic relationships of Bov-B LINEs from the various Squamata species agrees with that of the species phylogeny, suggesting that Bov-B LINEs have been maintained stably by vertical transmission since the origin of Squamata in the Mesozoic era.

Footnotes

    • ↵† To whom reprint requests should be addressed. e-mail: dusan.kordis{at}ijs.si.

    • This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the Proceedings Office.

    • Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession nos. AF012992–AF013024 and AF048708–AF048711).

  • ABBREVIATIONS

    LINE,
    long interspersed nuclear element;
    PLA2,
    phospholipase A2;
    NJ,
    neighbor-joining;
    My,
    million years.
    • Received March 6, 1998.
    • Copyright © 1998, The National Academy of Sciences
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    Unusual horizontal transfer of a long interspersed nuclear element between distant vertebrate classes
    Dusan Kordis, Franc Gubensek
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Sep 1998, 95 (18) 10704-10709;

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    Unusual horizontal transfer of a long interspersed nuclear element between distant vertebrate classes
    Dusan Kordis, Franc Gubensek
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Sep 1998, 95 (18) 10704-10709;
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